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=========================================================================
Date: 4-AUG-1987 10:53:22
Reply-To: SUSAN%UK.AC.OXFORD.VAX2@AC.UK
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: SUSAN%UK.AC.OXFORD.VAX2@AC.UK
Oxford University Computing Service is looking at typesetters (again!),
particularly PostScript typesetters such as the Linotronic. The high
resolution machines are said to be slow. Does anybody have any detailed
information about timings on these machines? Any other experiences
would also be welcome.
Please - typesetters only, not Laserwriter or other PostScript
laserprinters.
Susan Hockey, Oxford University Computing Service
13 Banbury Road
Oxford OX2 6NN
England
SUSAN % VAX2.OXFORD.AC.UK @ AC.UK
Telephone: +44 865 273226
=========================================================================
Date: Wed, 05 Aug 87 08:30:51 EDT
Reply-To: "Timothy W. Seid" <ST401742@BROWNVM>
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: "Timothy W. Seid" <ST401742@BROWNVM>
Subject: BRIDGING THE GAP FROM BOTH SIDES
I wrote recently describing what I considered a gap between the humanities
and Computer "Science." Nancy Ide wrote me an encouraging note in which
she subtlely put "Science" in all caps when referring to my message. When
I wrote it, I cringed before I put it down, but went ahead because I wanted
to draw a strong distinction. Would it be fair to put this in terms of
a gap between the humanities and technology? The Massachusetts Institute
of Technology seems to agree. Recently, the Providence Journal told of
MIT's decision to begin a broader liberal arts program for their students
in order to prepare them to more adequately work in contemporary society.
This is illustrative of the way we can meet each other halfway.
=========================================================================
Date: Wed, 5 Aug 87 10:36 EDT
Reply-To: GUEST4@YUSOL
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: GUEST4@YUSOL
Subject: BRIDGING THE GAP FROM TIMOTHY'S SEID: a mini-quibble
I object to "meet each other halfway". It's too easy to be trapped by
language into thinking of Science and Humanities each as some distinct
entity other than, and comparable to, its opposite. All MIT is saying is
that there is other stuff out there (and on its payroll!) which techies-in-train
ing
ought to spend more time with to come out looking smoother and fitting into
corporate hierarchies better. Nobody (including Nancy Ide) has yet
addressed my not-so-subtle insistence that there IS no single Humanities
"type", "student", "method", "course", or "discipline", and so it becomes siller
and
sillier to argue about how best to feed its initiates' presumedly distinct,
unique, and identifiable needs for computer knowhow. Humanities is
EVERYBODY, including scientists, computerists and techies, whenever they wish to
think about what they are doing as "the proper study of mankind". Nobody
owns it, least of all, I'm afraid, the ever-more-self-assured ACH types. Or
so I firmly believe.
-Sterling Beckwith
Humanities and Music
York University
=========================================================================
Date: Wed, 05 Aug 87 12:36:18 EDT
Reply-To: "Timothy W. Seid" <ST401742@BROWNVM>
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: "Timothy W. Seid" <ST401742@BROWNVM>
Subject: GAP
I appreciate Sterling Beckwith's criticism and would like to hear from
others too. First of all, I changed my description from SCIENCE to
TECHNOLOGY. My guess is that there was a similar problem with the
typewriter. How many of us know of older (I'm only 29) scholars who
never learned how to type and even resisted using one? My professor
does not know how to type on his outdated electric and has an IBM RT PC
on his desk which is connected to a CD player with the TLG texts and
indices on it, yet writes out by hand his manuscripts and has a secretary
type it. I think what Sterling describes is the ideal we are working for
but not the reality of the case. I want to refine my analysis further by
putting it in terms of SPECIALISTS. Take my earlier example: There is
a special discipline of social or cultural anthropology. Yet it has become
necessary in my field (history of early Christianity) to be able to describe
history in these terms. Some within my field have specialized in this area
but all of us, I think, need to be familiar with it. This is the kind of
GAP that I'm talking about. It just so happens that with computers, it has
been the sciences ("hard sciences") which have mainly had the specialists.
Persuading others to become computer capable has its drawbacks. Now I have
to share our departments two Mac's with three others instead of having them
both to myself like I did last year at this time. I can adjust.
=========================================================================
Date: 06 Aug 87 10:51:46 bst
Reply-To: R.J.HARE%UK.AC.EDINBURGH@AC.UK
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: R.J.HARE%UK.AC.EDINBURGH@AC.UK
Subject: Science & Technology vs Humanism
I've read the contributions to this debate with some interest, and a lot of
interesting things have been said. I must say though that I regard being
moulded to 'fit into a corporate heirarchy' as being probably one of the worst
punishments meted out in the hot place down below - worse even than shovelling
the entropy into sacks (I mean, it's got to go somewhere hasn't it?). If such
is a major (or even a minor) goal of the sort of training people receive in
our universities, then God help us all!: That is of course a personal point of
view and may be impractical in a world where falling employment is a 'norm'.
On the more relevant matter of the 'conflict' between the Arts and the
Sciences, can I recommend two books by C P Snow on this subject - they are
quite well-known, and I'm surprised that no-one has mentioned them before
(maybe they are so well-known as to be not worth mentioning?). Anyway, the two
books are 'The Two Cultures' and (I think) 'The Two Cultures Revisited' which
was published some years after the first. I read them about fifteen years ago
and found them extremely interesting and relevant to this debate which has
been going on since long before computers were invented.
Roger Hare.
=========================================================================
Date: Thu, 6-AUG-1987 09:01 EST
Reply-To: S_RICHMOND@UTOROISE
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: S_RICHMOND@UTOROISE
Subject: computers vs. humanity
1 Problem--two cultures?
I am glad that Roger Hare mentioned Snow's two cultures problem as the
background for the current discussion here in these electronic pages about
technology ("science") vs. the humanities (should this be in quotes too?).
However, the problem that has arisen with the advent of computers into the
humanities and other settings of traditionally non-computer users is different,
but not new.
Someone mentioned his "old professor" still struggling with his typewriter.
Here is a problem akin to the advent of the microwave oven as opposed to the
older technology of radiant heat ovens, or the gas-barbecue as opposed to the
older technology of charcoal barbecues. Some people just have difficulty
adapting to new tools; but the new tools just "cook"--they produce the same
products. Word processors are just better typewriters when they are used to
produce paper and even electronic essays. In the end, we are consuming what we
consumed prior to the new technology, but we are producing it quicker--and
perhaps with less resources ('person-years') required.
Is there another and also a new problem? I believe so--and this problem has
been the one that lurks in the shadows. Computers not only replace certain
methods of production, but also can be used to produce new entities (products,
goods, services, creatures).
2 The problem of how to adjust to the new world of computer creations:
This problem cuts across disciplines and professions. Corporate workers in
government and industrial bureaucracies, teachers in educational organizations,
artists, homemakers, private entrepreneurs... have this problem of how to cope
with the new products, new world, created by computers. This new world is the
world of software processing that functions quasi-intelligently. For instance:
software accounting models that predict and analyze cost-benefit; computer
instructional systems that teach; computer graphic systems that generate
animations. The difference here is that when the computer "cooks" we get a
different type of product. The product is the process--and the process is
semi-autonomous. Once set going, it has requirements which the user must
satisfy if the user wants to receive the goods.
In every technology, there is a process and product. However, there is an
aspect of some computer systems where the products, or results, are in a sense
by-products, and where the process is the real product. This is akin to our
interaction with people, where the mode of interaction is itself the product,
and the supposed goals of interaction are in a sense by-products. My point is
that we are quite familiar with this situation in our daily lives when
interacting with people and other species. We are quite familiar with
processes such as teaching, discussing, playing...when in the company of
organisms such as people and pets. However, undertaking these similar forms of
interaction with semi-autonomous non-organic entities is somewhat
disconcerting.
In teaching the student can switch classes or the worker can quit, however,
the law and morality prohibits the student and worker from killing the teacher
or manager he dislikes. However, the user can "kill" the instructional system,
or the accounting system--he can even, if he is the programmer--change the
"soul" of the system. So it seems. Unfortunately, there is a new ethic, with
enforcement by law in some cases, killing or tampering with the software when
one is not "licenced" to do so is forbidden. It is not merely a matter of
copywrite protection, but of maintaining software integrity.
3 The new problem:
The new problem is: how should we interact with semi-autonomous computer
systems that perform like people? Some computer developers and critics, such
as Winograd and the Dreyfuss's in their recent books, do not want the problem
to even get off the ground because they want to shelve machines that perform
like people. But part of their hesitation has to do with the realization that
the more we allow semi-autonomous systems to perform people-functions, such as
teaching, game-playing, art-making...the more responsibility and skills we give
to and give up to these systems. For instance, calculators, some teachers fear,
take away elementary arithmetic skills from children (and adults). But why
worry? Will we give up more serious thinking skills to computer systems--such
as helping students to diagnose their intellectual problems--once we allow
computer systems to perform more of the functions that we have done solely with
human resources?
Recently, someone told me of an incident with one of the pioneers of logic
teaching computer systems. He introduced computer assisted logic teaching
systems into his intro logic courses. The final step was that he allowed the
computer system to teach the entire course. Students only came to see him
either if they were to advanced or to behind the computer system--which was
only a small number. The majority were satisfied to work solely with the
computer. However, the administration soon caught on to this situation and
wondered why he needed graduate assistants for his course. So, the teacher in
order to save his requirements for assistants retreated and returned to only
allowing the computer logic teaching system to function as a supplementary
system. Of course, what he really wanted was to have more interaction with the
majority of students.
=========================================================================
Date: 6 August 1987, 09:02:03 EDT
Reply-To: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Subject: Scientists and Humanists
The mention of C. P. Snow's famous "Two Cultures" has blown the dust off
a paperback volume I still have from the days of teaching composition to
students of engineering: "The Scientist vs. the Humanist," ed. Geo.
Levine and Owen Thomas, published by W. W. Norton in the U.S. in 1963.
(I bought it for $2.75!) It contains pieces from the 18th century
(Swift and Johnson) to recent times (Oppenheimer and Rabi). The
bibliography begins with Aristophanes, runs through Bacon to Brecht, and
includes an article by Kenney, "Dead Horse Flogged Again." It's not a
bad collection, on not an unsuitable topic, for the kind of course one
could imagine being taught to undergraduates who find themselves in the
cross-disciplinary soup we are cooking.
The horse is old, to be sure, but unless a person kills it for himself I
don't see how it could ever be dead. The impact of computing on
humanists, many of whom have never had direct exposure to the sciences,
involves both dangers and considerable opportunities for renewal. I
think the dangers have mostly to do with what might be called a
Freudian envy of the sciences (and, more recently, of commerce), which
has possessed many an unwary soul. The interesting thing is that this
object of envy is so often a projection, compounded of fear and desire,
which has little resemblance to what actually goes on in the sciences --
when they are intelligently practised -- and in commerce. I found Thomas
Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions very stimulating in this
regard; his description of how science is done seemed to me not unlike
how I conduct myself as a literary critic.
The opportunities for renewal seem to me mostly to stem from the
understanding we can gain of how humanists have always done their work,
which may indeed turn out to be how thoughtful human beings have always
thought. I doubt there is much really new in this, but to "renew it
daily" (supposedly the motto on Confucius' bathtub) is simply
intellectual survival.
I've attended conferences where people have said that the humanities are
moribund, and I've talked to others who say that the kind of intramural
world that has allowed the humanities to exist is no longer possible.
These people tend to look to computing as a saviour from extinction and
ticket to full participation in the modern world, with all the rewards
it offers. We seal our own doom, however, if we cannot restate from
within our own group of disciplines the unchanging value of the
humanistic scholarly life to ourselves and to our society, even if most
of its members won't understand. As one of my teachers was fond of
saying, there's no such thing as dead literature, only dead readers.
It seems to me that computing in the humanities furnishes a very good
interdisciplinary framework within which to restate what has never
ceased being true. The financial pressures on our universities make
this restatement absolutely vital. What can't be used gets sold.
=========================================================================
Date: 7 August 1987, 13:40:36 EDT
Reply-To: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Subject: HUMANIST BIOGRAFY in print?
Nancy Ide of the ACH has proposed that the whole of HUMANIST BIOGRAFY be
published in the ACH Newsletter. Please reread what you contributed; let
me know if you object (a) in principle to your biographical statement
being set down in the cool and authoritative print of the Newsletter, or
(b) to the current version being printed. If you object to the latter,
you will need to supply me with a replacement, let us say before the end
of this month. If you have no objections please say nothing -- I get
sufficient electronic mail as it is.
Thanks for your continuing participation.
=========================================================================
Date: 9 August 1987, 11:24:21 EDT
Reply-To: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Subject: Autobiographies, First Supplement
=========================================================================
Autobiographies of HUMANISTs
First Supplement
Following are 20 additional entries to the collection of
autobiographical statements by members of the HUMANIST discussion
group and 1 update to an existing entry.
Further additions, corrections, and updates are welcome, to MCCARTY at
UTOREPAS.BITNET.
W.M. 10 August 1987
=========================================================================
*Beckwith, Sterling <GUEST4@YUSOL>
248 Winters College, York University, 4700 Keele St., North York,
Ontario (416) 736-5142 or 5186.
I teach at York University, have created and taught the only
Humanities course dealing with computers, in the context of
Technology, Culture and the Arts, and serve as director of
computer music in the Faculty of Fine Arts, at York.
=========================================================================
*Boddington, Andy <A_BODDINGTON%UK.AC.OPEN.ACS.VAX@AC.UK>
Bitnet: a_boddington at vax.acs.open.ac.uk
Academic Computing Service, Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA
I am a Research Adviser at The OU responsible for advising a
broad range of disciplines but specialising in the arts and
social sciences. My particular interests professionally at the OU
are in encouraging conferencing and developing data handling and
data analysis packages for the non-scientist and the 'computer
timid'. I also specialise in statistical analysis.
I am an archaeologist by training and inclination I am
particularly active in propagating computing as an analytical
tool within archaeology; as well as the benefits of desk top
publishing to a discipline which produces large volumes of
printed emphemera.
=========================================================================
*Brown, Malcolm <mbb@portia.Stanford.EDU>
gx.mbb@stanford.bitnet
ACIS/IRIS Sweet Hall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-3091
Humanities background. Undergraduate: UC Santa Cruz, BAs in
Philosophy, German Literature Graduate: Universitaet Freiburg
(two years); Stanford University (German Studies). Dissertation:
"Nietzsche und sein Verleger Ernst Schmeitzner: eine Darstellung
ihrer Beziehungen" Primary interests: European intellectual
history from the Enlightenment to the present
Computer background. Systems experience: IBM MVS, IBM VM/CMS; DEC
TOPS-20; Berkeley 4.3 UNIX; PC- DOS and MS-DOS; Apple Macintosh.
Current responsibilities. I support the Stanford Humanities
faculty in all aspects of computer usage. We are currently
looking at ways in which more powerful microcomputers (PS/2, Mac
II) might assist humanist scholars in their research.
Additional interests. all aspects of text processing, from data
entry (such as scanning) to printing, which might loosely be
called digital typography. Especially: page description (e.g.
PostScript), typesetting (e.g. TeX, Interleaf, PageMaker etc),
typeface design.
=====================================================================
*Brunner, Theodore F. <TLG@UCIVMSA>
Theodore F. Brunner, Director, Thesaurus Linguae, Graecae,
University of California Irvine, Irvine CA 92717. My telephone
number is (714) 856-6404. Short description of the TLG: A
computer-based data bank of ancient Greek literature extant from
the period between Homer and A.D. 600 (we are now beginning to
expand the data bank through 1453).
=========================================================================
*Choueka, Yaacov <r70016%barilan.bitnet or: choueka@bimacs.bitnet>
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Bar-Ilan
University, Ramat-Gan, Israel, 52100.
Interests: full-text retrieval systems, computerized corpora,
mechanized dictionaries, grammars and lexicons, ambiguity.
=========================================================================
*Corns, Thomas N. <V002%UK.AC.BANGOR.VAXA@AC.UK>
Bitnet: v002 at vaxa.bangor.ac.uk
I am the Secretary of the Association for Literary and Linguistic
Computing and a member of the editorial committee of Literary and
Linguistic Computing, and co-author (with B. H. Rudall) of
Computers and Literature: a Practical Guide, recently published
by Abacus Press, along with a number of articles and papers on
humanities computing. I look forward to hearing from you.
=========================================================================
*Cover, Robin C. <ZRCC1001@SMUVM1>
Assistant Professor of Semitics and Old Testament
3909 Swiss Avenue; Dallas, TX 75204 USA;
I am the faculty coordinator of the (current) "Committee for the
Academic Computerization of Campus"; we are just beginning to
face up to the need for a distinct entity which will be
responsible for academic applications of computers: software
development for textual analysis; multi-lingual word processing;
supervision of the student computer lab (with CAI for Koine Greek
and Biblical Hebrew); purchase of workstation equipment dedicated
to textual analysis (micro-IBYCUS, etc); faculty education in
humanistic computing; etc. My specific role now is to represent
to the administration the need for this new entity, the precedent
for it (at other universities); definition of the role of the
entity within institutional purpose; proposal for staffing,
funding and organizational structure; etc. My special interests
are in MRT archives and text retrieval programs to study encoded
texts.
=========================================================================
*Curtis, Jared Curtis <USERAALU@SFU>
<jared_curtis at sfu>
Department of English, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6
(604) 291-3130
I conduct research in textual criticism, including the use of
computers, teach "Humanities research and computers" to graduate
students, and give advice to colleagues and students.
=========================================================================
*Erdt, Terry <ERDT@VUVAXCOM>
Graduate Dept. of Library Science, Villanova University,
Villanova PA 19085 (215) 645-4688
My interests, at this point in time, can be said to be optical
character recognition, scholar's workstation, and the computer as
medium from the perspective of the field of popular culture.
=========================================================================
*Goldfield, Joel <dartvax!psc90!jdg@ihnp4>
Bitnet: jdg at psc90.uucp
Assistant Professor of French, Dept. of Foreign Languages,
Plymouth State College, Plymouth, NH 03264; Tel. 603-536-5000,
ext. 2277
My work focuses on stylostatistical and content analysis,
especially in the field of 19th-century French literature. I am
currently developing a sub-field called "computational thematics"
wherein a selective database based on conceptually organized
words and including frequency norms for appropriately lemmatized
entries can be applied to thematic and content analysis. My
current application is to the 19th-century diplomat and author,
Arthur de Gobineau, his use of "tic words" and other stylistic
traits disputed by Michael Riffaterre and Leo Spitzer. I attempt
to resolve this controversy through this conceptual, thematic,
and stylostatistical approach. See the project description listed
by Klaus Schmidt in the latest newsletter/booklet from the
Society for Conceptual and Content Analysis (SCCAC).
I would welcome comments on database structures, stylostatistical
applications and programming from other UNIX users, who may want
to compare their experiences with those I described in my
article for the ACTES of the ALLC meeting in Nice (1985), a 1986
publication by Slatkine, vol. 1. I am hoping to prepare a
manuscript on humanities computing on the UNIX system for
publication within the next 3 years and would welcome all
suggestions for contributions. The scope may be restricted later
to literary and linguistic applications, depending on
contributions and an eventual publisher's preferences, but, for
the moment, everything is wide open.
The only real computer connection with what I teach here in the
University System of New Hampshire (Plymouth State College) is
computer-assisted instruction/interactive videotape & videodisk.
My 4-course/sem. teaching load typically includes 2 beginning
French course sections, 1 intermediate course, and an advanced
one (translation, culture & conversation, 19th-cen. Fr. lit., or
history & civ.). I also conduct innovative FL teaching
methodology workshops and consult with various public school and
college foreign language departments on evaluating, using and
authoring CALI/interactive video.
=========================================================================
*Hare, Roger <R.J.HARE%UK.AC.EDINBURGH@AC.UK>
Bitnet: r.j.hare at edinburgh.ac.uk
Training Group, Computing Service, University of Edinburgh, 59
George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Graduated in Applied Physics from Lanchester Polytechnic
(Coventry) in 1972. First exposure to computing in second year
course (algol on an Elliot 803), and third year training period
(Fortran on IBM and Honewell machines at UKAEA Harwell).
Thereafter spent several years working in the hospital service in
Manchester and Edinburgh, mostly in the area of respiratory
physiology and nuclear medicine. Computing interests re-awakened
on moving to Edinburgh in 1974. After a couple of years away from
computing, followed by a couple of years working as an
'advisor/programmer/trouble-shooter' for a bureau, re-joined
Edinburgh University in 1980 as an
'adviser/programmer/trouble-shooter' on the SERC DECSystem-10 in
1980. After three years or so in this job, joined the Training
Unit of the Computer Centre (now the Computing Service) where I
have remained.
We teach various aspects of computing, but my own interests are
in the Humanities area (amongst others), literary analysis,
languages suitable for teaching computing to non-numerate
non-scientists, computerised document preparation (I don't like
the terms word-processing and text-processing) and puncturing the
arrogant idea held by many scientists that computers are solely
for use by scientists, etc.
I am currently looking (or trying to find the time to look) at
Icon, Prolog, Lisp, Simula, Pop (?), etc. (I gave up on C!), with
a view to using one of these as a language to teach programming
to humanists. The first thing I have noted is that my head is
starting to hurt! The second is that Icon seems to be a good idea
for this sort of thing, though I am not deep enough into the
language yet to be sure. If anyone out there has any
ideas/experience on this one, I'll be happy to pick their
brains...
=========================================================================
*Holmes, Glyn <42104_263@uwovax.UWO.CDN>
<GHolmes@uwovax>
Department of French, The University of Western Ontario, London,
Ontario, Canada N6A 3K7. Phone: (519) 679-2111 ext. 5713/5700.
Main area of research is computer-assisted language learning,
with emphasis on input analysis and instructional design. Most of
my publications have been in these areas. I have also taught a
course on French and the Computer, which covered CALL, literary
and linguistic computing, use of databases, etc.
I am the editor of Computers and the Humanities.
=========================================================================
*Hulver, Barron <PHULVER%OCVAXA@CMCCVB>
Houck Computing Center, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074
My position is technical support analyst. Basically I assist
students and faculty in trying to use our computers and networks.
=========================================================================
*Kashiyama, Paul <YFPL0018@YORKVM1>
I AM A PHILOSOPHY PH.D. CANDIDATE AT YORK UNIVERSITY
CONCENTRATING IN THE AREA OF ETHIC AND JURISPRUDENCE. I AM
PARTICULARLY INTERESTED IN THE POTENTIAL ROLES COMPUTERS/AI WOULD
PLAY IN FORMULATIONS OF ETHICAL/LEGAL JUDGMENTS; AND THE
PHILOSOPHICAL QUESTION OF WHETHER SUCH JUDGMENTS ARE ADEQUATE
REPLACEMENTS FOR HUMAN DECISIONS OR AT LEAST ADEQUATE MODELS OF
ETHICAL AND LEGAL DECISION MAKING PROCEDURES. MY BACKGROUND IN
COMPUTING INCLUDES PROGRAMMING IN BASIC,PASCAL, PROLOG, SOME C,
APPLICATIONS PROGRAMMING IN FRED,DBASEIII+, TRAINING AND TEACHING
EXPERIENCES IN DATABASE MANAGEMENT, SPREDSHEET ORGANIZATION, WORD
PROCESSING AND INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING FOR CHILDREN AND
BUSINESS PERSONS USING PERSONAL / MICRO COMPUTERS.
========================================================================
*Matheson, Philippa MW <AMPHORAS at UTOREPAS>
Athenians Project, Dept. of Classics, Victoria College, Univ. of
Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A1 (416) 585-4469
My university affiliation is the ATHENIANS project, Victoria
College, University of Toronto, and my humanist computing
activities are varied: programs for the Canadian classics
journal, Phoenix; all forms of computer and scholarly aid for the
ATHENIANS (Prosopography of ancient Athens) project; an attempt
to establish a bibliography of articles in Russian (translated)
on the subject of amphoras (ancient wine jars) on the EPAS
machine; as well as trying to exchange amphora data for a
database project on the stamps on ancient wine jars (called,
imaginatively, AMPHORAS). I call myself a computer consultant,
and am mostly consulted about how to make PCs deal with Greek...
=========================================================================
*McCarthy, William J. <MCCARTHY@CUA>
Dept. of Greek and Latin, Catholic University of America, Wash.,
D.C. 20064 (202) 635-5216/7
Although untrained in computer science - and doubtless possessing
little aptitude for it -, I have plunged considerable time into
an effort to harness for myself and my colleagues the powerful
tools of study and "productivity" which the computer offers to
accommodating scholars. My hope is that groups such as HUMANIST
will be able, in some way, to guide the development of a fruitful
conjunction of technology and humanism.
=========================================================================
*McGregor, John <THL4%UK.AC.DURHAM.MTS@AC.UK>
Bitnet: thl4 at mts.durham.ac.uk
University of Durham, Abbey House, Palace Green, Durham DH1 3RS,
UK
Areas of interest: Septuagint/ Greek/ CALL/ Bible Present status:
Developing CALL software for NT/Biblical Greek
=========================================================================
*Roosen-Runge, Peter H. <CS100006@YUSOL>
Dept. of Computer Science, York University, 4700 Keele St., North
York (416) 736-5053
I have been involved with supporting and extending computing in
the humanities for many years (I think I taught the first course
at the UofT on computing for humanists in 1968!) Current projects
include melody generation based on a model of a "listener"
expressed in Prolog, and a music database system under Unix.
I am also very interested in the impact of large comprehensive
text databases on teaching, and the role of universities in
creating and publishing such databases; but I am only in the
early stages of formulating a research project in this area.
=========================================================================
*Seid, Timothy W. <ST401742@BROWNVM>
74 Clyde St., W. Warwick, RI 02983 Box 1927, Religious Studies
Dept., Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 (401) 828-5485;
(401) 863-3401
My interest in computers began when I first entered the doctoral
program in History of Religions: Early Christianity two years
ago soon grew to the point of being the department's Distributed
Computer Support Person. During last year, when TA positions
were scarce, I was able to get a Computer Proctorship. Again,
for this next year, I will hold such a position. The main
project, for which we have an Educational Computing Grant from
the university, will be to develop a CAI which will teach
students about textual criticism--in simulation for the under-
graduate course in Earliest Christianity and using the ancient
languages for the graduate seminar. Two personal projects have
to do with word- division of ancient Greek manuscripts and
scanned images of the same. I'm also a member of Brown
University's Computing in the Humanities User's Group (CHUG) and
co-leader of the Manuscript Criticism Working group of CHUG. As
a service to the department and the University at- large, I
maintain RELISTU, a Religious Studies Common Segment on the
mainframe on which I archive the ONLINE NOTES and the BIBLICAL
SCHOLARS ON BITNET ADDRESS BOOK and have the first version of the
CAI I've called TEXT EDIT.
=========================================================================
*Sitman, David <A79@TAUNIVM>
Computation Centre, Tel Aviv University
I teach courses in the use of computers in language study and I
am an advisor on computer use in the humanities.
=========================================================================
*Zayac, Sue <sue@cunixc.columbia.edu>
<slzus@cuvma.bitnet>
I work for the Columbia University "Scholarly Information
Center". This is an experimental union of the Libraries and the
Computer Center designed to
"stimulate and support the productive and creative use
of information technology by our faculty and students"
- Pat Battin, Vice President and
University Librarian
"Information technology" includes everything from parchment to
CD-ROM, and from thumbing through a 3x5 card catalog to searching
a database on a new supercomputer from the Vax workstation on
your desk.
My title is Senior User Services Consultant, Academic Information
Services Group. My areas of responsibility are statistical
programs, particularly SPSSX and SAS, word-processing, particular
the mainframe text-formatting product, SCRIBE, and a smattering
of anything and everything that anybody might ask me.
I have a BA in Geology from Barnard College and a Masters from
the Columbia University School of Public Health (major area was
Population and Family Health). I'm one of the few people at the
Computer Center who didn't major in Computer Science or
Electrical Engineering. One of my great uses here is to play the
part of "everyuser".
Interests are classical archaeology (I almost majored in Greek
and Latin, but realized in time I had no talent for languages),
history of science, history in general, ballet, arm chair
astronomy (I don't like the cold), gardening, and nature
watching. I once did rock climbing but, like many of us in the
computer field, I've gotten out of shape sitting in front of a
monitor all day long.
Mail is welcome, on any topic.
============================================================================
=========================================================================
Date: 11-AUG-1987 14:34:26
Reply-To: ARCHIVE@VAX3.OXFORD.AC.UK
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: ARCHIVE@VAX3.OXFORD.AC.UK
OXFORD TEXT ARCHIVE RESEARCH ASSISTANTSHIP
The British Library has recently approved a grant to fund a one-
year research assistantship in the Oxford Text Archive at Oxford
University Computing Service (OUCS). The person appointed will be
required to investigate current and potential applications of
machine readable texts in a scholarly context. A survey will be
made of current usage, and recommendations produced about ways of
integrating existing machine readable texts (e.g. typesetting
tapes) into a text database. Applicants should have some
experience of academic research, enthusiasm for text processing
in the humanities and preferably some background knowledge of
database or electronic publishing. It is hoped to appoint to the
post with effect from January 1988, on the Research Scale 1A
(#8,185-#14,825, under review).
For more information, e-mail LOU@UK.AC.OX.VAX1, or write to
Mrs D. Clarke, Oxford University Computing Service,
13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN
=========================================================================
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 87 13:39:46 PDT
Reply-To: sano%VLSI.JPL.NASA.GOV@Hamlet
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: sano%VLSI.JPL.NASA.GOV@Hamlet
Subject: RE: HUMANIST BIOGRAFY in print?
Willard,
If the biografy is going to print, I'd like to change mine. Unfortunatel
y,
my vlsi machine is going down tomorrow for a facility move which is only
supposed to take a week. I'll try to get on and send you a new biografy,
but if I don't, please don't print it.
Thanks.
Haj
=========================================================================
Date: 12 August 1987, 14:54:10 EDT
Reply-To: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Subject: Review of Discussions
The following is a draft for an article that will appear in the
forthcoming Newsletter of the ACH. The first part describes HUMANIST,
the second part summarizes the discussions that have taken place here in
the last two months. The plan is to create a summary of discussions
every three months for the ACH Newsletter and for the Journal of the
ALLC and to publish these summaries here as well. It seems to me that we
need periodic reminding of what has happened on HUMANIST to give this
rapidly flowing medium some continuity.
Comments on this summary, either about its form or its content, are
welcome. Please send them to me directly.
W.M.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
HUMANIST So Far:
A Review of the First Two Months
One of the first activities of the new Special Interest Group for
Humanities Computing Resources has been to establish an
international electronic discussion group, HUMANIST, on the
Bitnet/NetNorth/EARN node in Toronto, Canada. The purpose of
HUMANIST is to link together those who in any way support
computing in the humanities in the terms defined by the new SIG.
Initially HUMANIST was focused on discovering a common
professional identity among its members; although this remains a
strong interest, its horizons have expanded considerably.
HUMANIST's first message was sent out on 13 May to approximately
two dozen people in three countries. As of the end of July,
HUMANIST has grown to nearly 100 people in 9 countries around the
world, and membership continues to grow. To be included an
individual must only be involved in some way with the support of
humanities computing; he or she need not be a member of the ACH
or ALLC, although membership in these organizations is actively
encouraged. Because we do not really know what it means, this
"support" is in practice very loosely defined.
Technically speaking, HUMANIST is a list of names and addresses
kept by ListServ software on the IBM 4381 known as UTORONTO. When
ListServ receives an ordinary e-mail message addressed to
HUMANIST@UTORONTO by anyone on the list, it automatically mails a
copy to every other person on the list. The sender need not be on
Bitnet/NetNorth/EARN but can communicate to HUMANIST from any
network with a gateway to Bitnet. Unlike conferencing systems,
ListServ does not permit subdivision of a discussion group into
subtopics. It is thus like a large seminar on a very general
topic, in which everyone is privy to everything everyone else
says. De facto subdivision can be achieved by direct e-mail
conversations among members, but ListServ does nothing to assist
this.
Every list has one or more "owners," who have supervisory rights
that may be varied in their degree of control. HUMANIST has two:
Steve Younker, the "postmaster" of the UTORONTO node, who helps
with problems related to the network itself, and Willard McCarty,
the editor. HUMANIST has been set up such that an individual must
ask the editor to be given membership, but once he or she is a
member mailing privileges are unrestricted. The lack of control
in this regard inevitably leads to some unpleasant floods of
junk-mail, but it also permits free-ranging discussion and frees
everyone from the inhibiting burden of dictatorial powers and
duties. The membership has indeed been patient and forgiving as
well as very lively during the initial period.
A few mutually respected rules of etiquette have evolved. Direct
conversations among members interested in highly specialized
topics are encouraged, with the understanding that the originator
of the special discussion will summarize the results for everyone
else. Direct conversions are especially recommended when a
HUMANIST asks for specific information, e.g., "Where can I find
worthwhile reviews of Nota Bene?" Members are also encouraged to
identify the subjects of contributions and themselves by name.
Because someone applying for membership in HUMANIST must say what
he or she does to support computing in the humanities, the owner
has accumulated many interesting biographical statements. These
were recently gathered together, cursorily edited, and sent out
to all HUMANISTs in order to introduce everyone to everyone else
and thus to help define a professional identity. Supplements are
planned as new members' statements accumulate. Tim Maher
(Computing Services, Berkeley) is meanwhile working on a more
detailed and systematic questionnaire.
In many respects HUMANIST fulfills the late Marshall McLuhan's
vision of the "global village," in which the great physical
distances that separate its members almost cease to matter. It is
for that reason a fascinating sociological experiment. Of course
HUMANIST is used to disseminate information, but the interaction
of personalities, perspectives, and ideas bulks much larger in my
growing file of contributions than exchanges of facts.
The Discussions
Since the first contribution on 19 May, several types of
discussions have occurred. I count 7 concerned with the etiquette
of contributing to HUMANIST, 8 requests for specific information,
and one advertisement of a job. On 5 occasions it has been used
to announce publication of or offer subscription to both printed
and electronic sources of information, and 6 conferences and
calls for papers have been published this way. Interestingly, one
HUMANIST's objections to the program for the forthcoming
conference at Oberlin -- he pointed to the repetition of issues
raised earlier at the Vassar conference -- resulted in a thorough
exploration and defense of the rationale for the conference. As
one defender put it, the later conference returns to the issues
of the first because both are dealing with difficult and
important questions: "what it is we want our students to learn,
the nature of the world into which we are sending them, and the
relationship both of technology and (more fundamentally) the
algorithmic approach to problem-solving."
1. Programming in the curriculum.
The unresolved nature of these questions is demonstrated by the
prior and independent discussion on HUMANIST about the teaching
of programming to students in the humanities. Some comments
addressed the virtues and limitations of specific languages, such
as Prolog or Icon, or of languages of a specific generation. The
more interesting contributions, however, circled around the
question, "Why should arts students learn programming at all?"
One HUMANIST concluded that "the more basic task is to teach
undergraduates, and people in general, how to recognize problems,
identify and characterize them, understand their nature, and then
to determine which tool may be appropriate for the problem."
Another noted the analogy with learning classical languages
(formerly the usual means of acquiring intellectual discipline)
and concluded by saying that teaching students a computational
language will show them "how to approach and analyze a problem
from a computational point of view. And that will help them both
in the Big Bad World... and in the academic world... where
humanists need more than ever to understand how to express a
problem clearly in computational terms in order to get not just a
correct answer but the correct answer to the question they want
to ask. It will also help them, if they remain in the academic
world, to view with proper skepticism both those humanists who
deny that the computer can be a valuable tool... and those who
think the computer can solve any question it is worthwhile asking
better than a human being can."
2. Professional recognition and electronic publishing
Another substantive discussion began with the vexing problem of
professional academic recognition for work in humanities
computing and with the desire to exploit the electronic medium
for publication. The latter issue is related to the former, since
electronic publication carries with it no professional kudos and
may preempt the conventional kind. The latter, however, is in
some cases too slow to keep pace with developments in the field,
so that, for example, reviews of software may be obsolete by the
time they see print. The formality of print may also inhibit as
well as encourage higher standards of work.
Some HUMANISTs commented that they would always opt for
publication in print unless journal editors were agreeable to
pre-publication in electronic form. Unrestricted redistribution
would be a problem, as would the availability and reliability of
electronic networks around the world. The lack of typographic
sophistication as well as diacritical marks makes imitation of
printed journals impossible. "The technology isn't up to it," one
person said. Another remarked, however, that since HUMANIST is
non-refereed, publication there would be in a different category
from the conventional kind, somewhat like the circulation of a
technical report in computer science. The trick is to exploit
rather than be thwarted by the characteristics of the medium. A
change in how research in the humanities is done could result.
The appearance of this column in the ACH Newsletter represents a
link with conventional publication and an attempt to exploit the
new medium, but it does not do much about the problem of
professional credit.
There was little disagreement about the lack of professional
RECOGNITION. ONE HUMANIST REMARKED, FOR EXAMPLE, THAT IN HIS
department "writing software ranked dead last in a list of 35
activities considered worthy for English faculty." He went on to
note, however, that "I was not hired to work with computers....
So, it is to some degree my own doing." He advised younger,
untenured members "to be sure that their computer activity
officially be made part of their job description," but he
concluded by noting that most of the work in humanities computing
does not itself constitute research, at least not in the
humanities. This is, of course, a serious issue, since it raises
the question of our scholarly and academic legitimacy. It may be
significant that there have been no replies to a direct question
posed on HUMANIST about our scholarly contribution to humanistic
scholarship.
One contributor had suggested earlier that work in humanities
computing might be considered on a par with the editing of texts
or assembling of bibliographies, for example. The most vexing
problems with making use of this analogy seem to point to the
juvenality of an emerging discipline: the lack of peer-review,
hence of quality-control; the confusion over aims and
possibilities; and indeed, the fluid nature of terms and
definitions. The exchanges over these issues on HUMANIST have
been desultory, but the existence of an electronic forum promises
to accelerate the shaping of this new discipline.
3. Desktop publishing.
HUMANISTs also discussed the impact and potential of desktop
publishing. The originator noted the many problems with formal
electronic publication but remarked that "using electronic means
to improve the quality of conventional scholarly publishing
really seems to me an exciting possibility." To the dire
predictions of decline in quality she opposed the great advantage
for the academic editor or scholarly research project of being
able to control book production as well as to reduce its cost
greatly. A respondent noted two reasons for decline in quality:
(1) the typographical superiority of traditional methods; and (2)
the lack of required skills characteristic of most desktop
publishers. Since improvements in technology will likely soon
close the gap between new and old methods, the second item is
really the central problem. As he remarked, "Really good work in
this area cannot be done by amateurs," who are mostly unable to
judge the quality of what they are producing.
Another HUMANIST, who works at a major academic publishing house,
described a "do-it-yourself" (rather than desktop) facility that
to date has produced over 200 scholarly volumes. She stressed the
role of the typographic department of the press in helping an
author design a volume; or, when the author does not yet have a
press, of other books in providing models for him to follow. She
remarked that "On the whole... our users have been quite
conscientious and have made considerable efforts to produce texts
which have a pleasing appearance." Ironically, she noted that the
generally high quality of these texts may be in part attributable
to the fact that this system is considerably less "friendly" than
the usual desktop publishing software. The user is forced to
learn several unfamiliar typographical terms, "all of which
remind him that he is dabbling in an area of considerable
tradition and expertise and art, and encourage him to walk with
caution, possibly even respect."
Conclusion
We plan to review the activities of HUMANIST in the ACH
Newsletter on a regular basis. These reviews will also be
published on HUMANIST itself in order to remind the members what
has happened and thus to give them the opportunity to renew a
lapsed discussion.
Anyone wishing to join HUMANIST should send an e-mail note to
MCCARTY@UTOREPAS.BITNET, giving a brief professional biography.
As I have mentioned above, these biographies will later be
circulated to all HUMANISTs.
Willard McCarty
Centre for Computing in the Humanities
University of Toronto
=========================================================================
Date: Wed, 12-AUG-1987 16:13 EST
Reply-To: S_RICHMOND@UTOROISE
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: S_RICHMOND@UTOROISE
Subject: COMPUTERS VS. HUMANITY
1 To Lou Burnard:
Thanks for your comments.
2 I agree that there is insecurity about computers. Some of it is warranted
--as far as job security goes. For instance, in Canada there are currently
19,000 draftsmen. In two years from now, it is predicted that there will be
900--due to the coming of CAD (computer-aided drafting).
3 As far as Snow and the two-cultures problem goes; this problem transcends
its parochial background. It is a fact that people in the humanities and arts
are ignorant, by and large, of current science, and scientific methodology.
Scientists, by and large, are ignorant of the humanities. So what? That's the
problem--what is the significance of the gap?
4 About word processors. I started using word processors about six years
ago. What made me excited about using this technology was that it allowed me
to combine two or three processes: 1. First hand written draft. 2. 'N' typed
draft. 3. Cut and past. 4. Step 2 to produce N+1 typed draft and 3 and 4.
('4' is a recursive function.)
I also use step 1 when I find myself too far from my key board; and then
replace the typewriter with the word processor.
Now I am even more excited about word processors than when I first started
using them. For instance, the one I am using now to compose this reply, allows
one to automate foot-noting, structuring (in terms of sections, and
sub-sections), and automate a table of contents and index. Of course, it comes
with a spelling-checker with a facility for making several custom dictionaries.
However, by and large, I expect to produce the same old product--paper essays.
Also, the cognitive functions supported by this process--in so far as
word-processing expedites cut-and-paste--are no different than the hardware
cut-and-paste. (Scrolling a typed text merely expedites cut-and-paste.)
5 Is there anything qualitatively new introduced by word processors? Yes--only
in so far as they are used in conjunction with electronic
journals/mail/bulletin boards to produce electronically stored essays, etc.,
that can be accessed quickly and virtually universally. In effect, we will
open up the exclusive world of intellectual products to a wide audience of
non-professional scholars who will be able to join in this world without
requiring the luxury of an academic position. This widening of the academic
world, or access to intellectual products without requiring an academic
position, will not only widen the arena of discussion, but will (or could) open
up new intellectual problems for discussion, and create new jargons and
methodologies as required for the discussion of these problems.
5.1 But once these electronic journals replace paper-media, an unfortunate
loss will be the art of typography. Furthermore, once people cotton to the
idea that physical libraries, and full time attendance in university
courses, could be replaced by electronic libraries and computer-assisted
instruction, libraries and librarians, and universities and professors may
become redundant or surplus. Instead of spending years in university and
then taking on a job; people could join companies with their own educational
institutes, computer-assisted job-training and skill-enhancing courses. I'm
not sure where liberal arts courses would fit into this world--perhaps they
will be treated as leisure time, continuing education courses, to be taken
after work hours along with cooking, sailing, photography, creative writing,
etc. But again, perhaps people will work 9 hours a week from home-offices
at their computer terminals, and be capable of pursuing full-time research,
if they wish, from their computer terminals, and attendance at traditional
universities--where they could have face-to-face contact with professional
teachers.
6 To conclude: I disagree with you about the qualitatively new features
introduced by word processors. However, when they are used in conjunction with
electronic mail/journals/bulletin boards, they do permit rapid access and
participation in a world of thought, that could open up this world to a larger
audience of non-dedicated scholars, or non-professional scholars. This could
both universalize thinking, and produce new sub-groups with new jargons and new
intellectual problems, heretofore uninvented due to the limited resources
available for pursuing intellectual past-times.
=========================================================================
Date: Wed, 12-AUG-1987 16:14 EST
Reply-To: S_RICHMOND@UTOROISE
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: S_RICHMOND@UTOROISE
Subject: WORD PROCESSORS AND THINKING
An afterthought to my previous response:
Do word processors add anything qualitatively new to the function of writing
and thinking-writing?
I welcome your comment that scrolling through finished looking texts is a
new function of computer word processors. Automated spelling checks and
grammar checks are also new functions. However, the automated spelling checker
I have doesn't check for context. It only checks the spelling of the word, and
ignores whether the word is the wrong word for a given context. To check for
context requires natual language understanding, which still is at the
rudimentary stage in A.I. research and development.
My point is that not all new technological functions do anything that is
qualitatively new for a process to which they provide support, or for the
products which they help make.
Still do word processors enhance thinking, or in your words, the marshalling
of ideas? Cognitive psychological studies of expert writers reveal that these
writers use their writing as a means for revising their understanding of
problems, and for improving their solutions of these problems. In physical
terms, this involves, cut and paste, deletion, addition, modification, and
rewrite of entire text. It is true that when one does this on a computer, it
is neeter in looking like a finished product, and one can do this quicker
without having to use tape or glue, and also less paper ends up in the waste
bucket. So, the speed of this process on computer, though no different in
function or type when done manually with scissors, glue, paper, typewriter,
waste bucket... because it is so much greater, permits a greater number of
revisions that each look finished, but are not really--as far as the
intellectual process of clarifying and improving one's ideas goes. In that
respect, word processing could enhance thinking by allowing for more revisions
in less time with less physical effort. But, I don't think word processing
adds a new dimension to thinking, or adds new features to our thought
processsing.
=========================================================================
Date: 12 August 1987, 16:22:47 EDT
Reply-To: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Subject: The scholarly contribution of humanities computing
I received the following comment from Abigail Young that is thoughtful
and lengthy enough to be passed on immediately to everyone else rather
than saved for a later summary.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
I have been mulling over your words about computing and a
scholarly contribution to humanistic research at the end of #2
in the summary of discussion. I think a lot of the problem is
one of definition. For example, REED makes, as a scholarly project
engaged in documentary editing and publishing, a solid contribution
to two areas of the humanities at least, history and literature.
But our computing here is pretty pedestrian: it's central to the
project, but what we are doing is to use the computer to do now
things that humanists have been doing since at least the
Renaissance. I wouldn't feel that computing was making a
truly new contribution to the humanities unless it were possible
to make a qualitative rather than a quantitative advance in
humanistic studies by means of computing, that is, not doing
something more accurately or more quickly, but doing something
which could not have been done at all, was not even thought of,
before. That doesn't mean I don't think that the contributions
that computers make in assisting research and writing are impor-
tant, especially databases for historical and certain kinds of
literary research. I think they are very important. But they
are merely providing better tools to do tasks we have always wanted
to do. I'm not sure that there are truly new contributions to
humanities to be made by computing, but if there are, I think the
novelty will have to wear off before we can recognize them.
This is, I suspect, a reactionary and heterodox view; and it may
be all wrong: I may only think it because of my lack of familiarity
with the cutting edge of humainites computing. And I emphasize that
I don't at all mean that computing isn't a valuable and in many
ways essential tool for humanists. But in my mind this is the reason
why there has been no direct response to the question to which you
alluded in your report.
=========================================================================
Date: 12 August 1987, 19:09:23 EDT
Reply-To: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
The following contribution was send with an incorrect node ID. It is a
missing piece of a discussion to which everyone received a two-part reply
earlier today.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Date: 12-AUG-1987 10:21:54
> From: LOU@VAX1.OXFORD.AC.UK
> To: humanist@UTOREPAS <---NOTE BAD NODENAME!
> Subject: two kulchurs
>
> Subj: msg=> S_RICHMOND%UTOROISE@RL.EARN: Re: computers vs. humanity
>
> I'm not sure I like the cooking analogy, so I'm going to pursue the
> typewriter/word processor one. It seems to me that a wordprocessor is not
> just a better sort of typewriter; or rather that the difference is more
> qualitatative than quantitative. Both engines enable one to produce a written
> document; which is a complex operation involving the disposition of symbols on
> a piece of paper, but also the marshalling of ideas in the mind. It seems to
> me, after many years experience of both, that the wordprocessor actually
> helps as much with the latter as it does with the former. Drafting things
> out on paper is, by comparison, clumsy, where anything more than very prelimin
ar
> concept maps or headings etc is concerned. The wp, by making it easy to scroll
> back and forth thro a text which always looks as if it has just been typed
> even tho it may have been changed over and over again, changes the way
> i compose texts, and i think for the better. There isn't any analogy for
> this process, because it's a new function that simply wasn't
> there in the old technology. Why then do people persistently want to find
> analogies for what computers can do, and say "aaargh they are usurping the
> human role" when they fail to find one? Insecurity perhaps? I think being
> human is also about being a tool-user, homo faber; I have no patience with
> the attitude that despises that part of the human spirit. As for
> C.P. Snow, his novels are rooted in a deep insecurity occasioned by attitudes
> (prevalent in Whitehall in the 50s, but now rather reversed) of a
> classically-educated establishment to the arriving technocracy; as such
> they are polemic, partisan and almost totally unreadable, because of Snow's
> total lack of understanding of human nature.
>
> Lou Burnard
>
>
=========================================================================
Date: 13 Aug 87 10:03:42 bst
Reply-To: R.J.HARE@EDINBURGH.AC.UK
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: R.J.HARE@EDINBURGH.AC.UK
Subject: C P Snow etc.
Picking up the points made by Lou Burnard and S.Richmond about C P Snow etc. ,
I certainly agree that C P Snow's novels are 'almost unreadable' for just the
reason.s that are given by LB - indeed one major example in 'The Two Cultures'
relates to the attitudes of the arts-biased establishment towards the slightly
naff science and engineering educated portion of the human race; and to Snow's
attempts to influence that attitude at dinner parties with reference (I think)
to the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.
I think that the problem these days is probably a little less one-sidedthan
either Snow or SR seem to imply - unfortunately scientists look down on
artists *and* artists look down on scientists.
I certainly regard it as part of my job to try and break down these artificial
barriers, and would also regard it as being essential for *anyone* whatever
their background, who is involved in Humanities Computing to have something
approaching the same outlook. There is no room for the "what on earth would an
arts student want to learn programming for?" syndrome. This is not a
hypothetical question, but a verbatim rendering of a question asked me by one
of my colleagues some time ago.
Roger Hare.
=========================================================================
Date: Thu, 13-AUG-1987 09:10 EST
Reply-To: S_RICHMOND@UTOROISE
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: S_RICHMOND@UTOROISE
Subject: word processing and the two cultures
1 Response to Susan Zayac:
Studies of expert writers by cognitive psychologists have revealed that what
distinguishes the 'novice' from the 'expert' is that novices use the strategy
of writing down their thoughts in a free-association, first in the mind, first
out on paper strategy. Thus, word processors--if used only in a linear manner
to get out ideas onto paper--could reinforce novice thinking-writing habits.
However, because of the ease of the cut-and-paste function of word processors,
when used in the looping manner of enter-revise-re-enter, word processing could
encourage the acquisition of expert-strategies of thinking-writing.
Admittedly, and happily, dyslexics report that word processing has allowed
them to produce comprehensible texts because they do not have to worry about
spelling, and orthography. That is, the problem that dyslexics face, unlike
novice writers--in getting down their thoughts before they run out--is in
writing something remotely legible.
A sharper way of putting the question I previously asked about whether word
processing enhances thinking-- Does word processing create any new and powerful
cognitive strategies?
2 Response to Roger Hare:
C.P. Snow I suppose wouldn't be ranked with Joyce; but Joyce couldn't be
credited with contributing to science merely because he coined the word
"quark".
Was G.B. Shaw's preface on evolution in "Back to Methusaleh" a contribution to
the evolution of the theory of evolution? Are they any cases of literary
people making direct contributions to science? Einstein played the violin--was
this a contribution to music? B. Russell wrote a novel, which I haven't found
yet--would that count as a bridging of the two cultures? Or, was Russell a
worker in both cultures because he (and Whitehead) virtually created symbolic
logic and Russell wrote 'traditional' philosophy. These are some of the
questions that comprise the two cultures problem, first pinpointed by Snow.
Because computers find their main application and market in business does not
mean that those who use computers are thereby in the business world.
Scientists and engineers use computers, for the most part, as a device for
processing complex formulae requiring lots of repetitive calculations of very
large fields of data. Though, a recent breakthrough in the field of computera
applications is the arrival of computer-aided engineering. CAE systems test
and improve electronic circuit designs. Also, sub-nuclear physicists are now
using computers to record and decode 'events' that were formerly recorded by
photography and decoded by teams of graduate assistants. Moreover, the advent
of these systems raises the same problem as does the advent of computer aided
teaching systems for professors and students: How do and should we interact
with computers that perform intelligent functions, such as designing electronic
circuits, and describing physical processes? This problem cuts across
cultures, domains, and socio-economic sub-groups.
In sum: though people in business, science, and engineering were the first to
exploit computers, there is nothing inherently scientific about using
computers. Moreover, it is said that computer scientists don't know any
programming languages, and if they do they do not program in any case. What
they know is the theory of computation and finite mathematics. Would study
about these revolutionary topics in the field of mathematics be more relevant
to those interested in learning about the evolution or history of human
thinking than learning how to code in a particular computer language?
=========================================================================
Date: 13-AUG-1987 16:30:13
Reply-To: LOU@VAX1.OXFORD.AC.UK
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: LOU@VAX1.OXFORD.AC.UK
Subject: quality or quantity?
Let me pick up 2 points from S. Richmond:
>>>(1) Also, the cognitive functions supported by this process--in so far as
word-processing expedites cut-and-paste--are no different than the hardware
cut-and-paste. (Scrolling a typed text merely expedites cut-and-paste.)
>>>>(2) Is there anything qualitatively new introduced by word processors? Yes-
in so far as they are used in conjunction with electronic
journals/mail/bulletin boards to produce electronically stored essays, etc.,
that can be accessed quickly and virtually universally.
I think that "merely expediting cut and paste" is a bit of an underselling
of what's going on here (both in this document and in general where wp
takes root). Without electronic media 'cut-and-paste' is just impractical.
And it is also far from invisible. Look at it the other way round: what
we lose with wp is all that gorgeous polysemy and confusion that the practice
of palimpsest gave us; as I sd, the wp text is always new, always being
re-made, as it were re-read.
But just supposing you agree that wp is just what we've always done, only
a bit better, then proposition (2) above is surely inconsistent? What's the
difference between electronic mail and a runner with a cleft stick? just
a bit faster and more reliable (well, usually) isn't it? and whoever says
e-mail is accessible "universally" really has been blinded by technophoria!
let's not kid ourselves: this unique experiment/pastime/time-waster is just
one very expensive toy which we happen (by virtue of our unique cultural/
geographic/political privilege) to be able to benefit from. what reason is there
for imagining it would ever become as democratic, as universal, a form
of communication as the written word? there are quite a few places in
europe where the use of xerox copiers is illegal, never mind computer
networks, funded by IBM on a temporary basis.
I see no evidence at all of "access to intellectual products" ceasing to
be contingent on "the luxury of an academic position". Maybe it's
different over there.
L
=========================================================================
Date: Thu, 13 Aug 87 10:15 PDT
Reply-To: TLG@UCIVMSA
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: TLG@UCIVMSA
The TLG has been awarded a (modest) grant to support the convening
of a panel at the December 5-8 Society of Biblical Literature (SBL) meeting
in Boston. In accordance with the granting agency's wishes, the panel will
discuss ways to make the TLG's facilities and resources (and partcularly
the TLG's biblical and theological texts) more readily accessible to
theological institutions and scholars.
HUMANIST members with pertinent interests who might wish to participate
in the conference at issue should contact me directly.
Theodore F. Brunner
Director
Thesaurus Linguae Graecae
University of California Irvine
Irvine, CA 92717
Area Code 714 856-6404
=========================================================================
Date: Thu, 13-AUG-1987 16:19 EST
Reply-To: S_RICHMOND@UTOROISE
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: S_RICHMOND@UTOROISE
Subject: quality/quantity
Reply to Lou Burnard's second reply:
I don't see any inconsistency between holding that the word processor alone
adds nothing new in terms of intellectual power and holding that the word
processor in conjunction with telecommunication does add something
qualitatively new to intellectual power--at least at the cultural and social
level as opposed to the individual level.
I am optimistic about the potentiality of electronic media to cross cultural
and political boudaries. Thank you for reminding me about the political
control over access to even the printed world, not only in Europe, but also in
this continent. Do you think those in our paradise of access to this
plaything, at the mercy of IBM, can and should take action to open this up to
our friends outside these groves?
=========================================================================
Date: 13 August 1987, 17:05:51 EDT
Reply-To: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
The following is from Nancy Ide. Some error in software caused it to go
astray rather than to HUMANIST.
=======================================================================
Date: 13 AUG 87 12:50-EST
From: IDE@VASSAR
To: humanist @ utoronto
Cc: IDE@VASSAR.BITNET
Subject:
>
I would like to add a word to the discussion about what computers may
have lent to humanities studies, on a point that has become somewhat
tangential in recent discussion but which deserves its moment of
attention, I think.
>
I believe that the "discussants" are correct in saying that computers
basically enable us to do what we already could do without them, although
the recent discussion concerning the benefits of word processing for
writing are bringing up some very interesting ways in which the existence
of the computer is enhancing the writing process. In a similar vein, I
feel that computers and computing have contributed something of their
own to literary research--more than to provide us with the means to do
what only time and patience may have prevented. In particular, I am thinking
about formal models of text and meaning---for instance, (proposed)
models of text-reader-context-culture that are formally and specfically
defined in order to enable at least consideration of computational
implementation. (See P. Galloway in CHum, 17, no. 4 for an article on
this topic.) Now, I am the first to say that computers did not enable
thinking of texts or meaning so formally and in the terms that such models
necessarily use, but I do believe that the possibility for computational
models of meaning and texts has directly fostered such views. That is,
if computers weren't around, I doubt very much if many of the ways we think
about texts (in humanities computing circles especially, but also to small
degree in all current criticism) would have come to be. As Artificial
Intelligence, cognitive science, and literary critical theory develop,
I see some very important and exciting convergences that are a direct
product of the availability of powerful computing tools.
>
Nancy Ide
ide@vassar.bitnet
=========================================================================
Date: Thursday, 13 August 1987 2050-EST
Reply-To: KRAFT@PENNDRLN
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: KRAFT@PENNDRLN
Subject: Response to NEH Funding Request
In Autumn of 1986, Penn's CCAT (Center for Computer Analysis
of Texts) sought funding from NEH to support its "external
services" activity and to move in the direction of creating
a consortium of cooperating humanities centers. The proposal
was not funded, and the detailed discussion and anonymous
referee reports have just reached me from the NEH offices.
The issues raised are often predictable -- is it wise to
invest in CD-ROM technology, isn't Penn overly bound to
the TLG coding and IBYCUS influence, why isn't the proposal
more specific about what texts will be put on future CD-ROMs --
but one very important issue is especially worth placing before
the HUMANIST audience, and that is Do the Centers Really Want to
have a Consortium Arrangement? Clearly, some of the reviewers
thought not, or at least not on the terms described in the
CCAT proposal. If any HUMANISTS would like copies of the
relevant materials, or wish to discuss them, I am at your service.
This may help strengthen future proposals, from whatever source.
I still think we would profit from more formal "consortial" ties,
if someone has the courage to try to coordinate us!
Bob Kraft, CCAT, University of Pennsylvania (KRAFT@PENNDRLN)
=========================================================================
Date: 14 Aug 87 09:27:08 bst
Reply-To: R.J.HARE@EDINBURGH.AC.UK
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: R.J.HARE@EDINBURGH.AC.UK
Subject: Two cultures
I suppose that strictly speaking, the discussion about 'two cultures' is
nothing to do with computing and the humanities, but it's intrinsically
interesting and I suppose that the attitudes we have towards the 'two
cultures' give a guide to our attitudes towards other matters. If only because
of that last fact, the discussion is valuable, so, a couple of observations on
the last few exchanges on this topic:
I think that the idea of separating direct contributions to the
arts|sciences|arts|sciences by scientists|artists|artists|scientists is a
mildly dangerous idea in the first place, if only because it tends to
reinforce the barriers between scientists and artists. The whole point about
the 'two cultures' as far as I am concerned is that it is a myth. There is
only one culture. If one accepts that basic thesis, then yes, GBS's
introduction to Back to Methusaleh (which I haven't read) *is* an indirect
contribution to the evolution of the theory of evolution (or to 'science' or
to 'culture'), even if only a tiny one. Whether it's a contribution to Science
(with a 'S') is a different matter. Similarly, Einstein's music-making *is* an
indirect contribution to music (or the 'arts' or 'culture'), though again, it
might not be considered as being a contribution to Music (with a 'M').
Either of these examples might also be considered as having made a direct
contribution to our culture if for example, Shaw's introduction sparked off
some new ideas in the mind of an evolutionary biologist, or a sequence of
notes played by Einstein gave a composer the inspiration for a new work. Both
pretty unlikely I admit, but not as far-fetched as one might suppose - I
beleive for example that it's common for those 'good' at mathematics to be
'good' at music. Perhaps any psychologists out there could confirm that
(slightly hazy) recollection and bring to our attention other correlations
between 'artistic' and 'scientific' abilities.
Roger Hare.
=========================================================================
Date: 14-AUG-1987 10:29:33
Reply-To: LOU@VAX1.OXFORD.AC.UK
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: LOU@VAX1.OXFORD.AC.UK
I am currently revising and updating the Text Archive Shortlist/Snapshot
in preparation for an exciting new academic year... One of the pages I am
overhauling is the one which lists "Other Archives". The purpose of this
is simply to list major institutions believed to be sitting on (or know of
the whereabouts of) large quantities of machine readable texts. It's obviously
not possible to list every place where such things might be found (and will,
in any case, when/if the Rutgers MRTH project reaches fruition, be unnecessary)
so I've tried to limit it to major, centrally-funded institutions, and (after
some thought) have excluded centres which are PRIMARILY 'centres for computing
in the humanities' (excepting those whose texts we have in the archive in
category X, because this list is a subset of the depositor address list in
the archive database).
The current count is a paltry 17; I'm sure I must have forgotten some, and
there are errors in those I've remembered, so please help if you can.
P.S. Maybe this list might be a starting point towards the sort of 'consortion'
that Bob Kraft seems to be proposing
P.P.S Any responses received after the end of the month will be TOO LATE; any
received by the end of next week (20th) will be ON TIME.
Lou Burnard
OXFORD TEXT ARCHIVE 14 Aug 1987
Other Archives
Biblical texts
Pe Center for Computer Analysis of Texts
D Religion
U Pennsylvania
Philadelphia Pa 19143
USA
E-mail: KRAFT at PENNDRLN on BITNET
Dutch
Le I.N.L.
Postbus 132
Leiden 2300 AC
Netherlands
English
Be International Computer Archive of Modern English
EDB-Senter for Humanistisk Forskning
U Bergen
Boks 53
Bergen-Universitet 5014
Norway
E-mail: fafkh at nobergen on EARN
French
Na Institut Nationale de la Langue Francaise
Universite* de Nancy
44 ave de la Libe*ration
CO 3310
Nancy-Ce*de*x F 54014
France
General
Ca Literary & Linguistic Computing Centre
U Cambridge
Sidgwick Avenue
Cambridge CB3 9DA
E-mail: jld1 at cam.phx on JANET
Ox Oxford Text Archive
U Oxford
Computing Service
13 Banbury Rd
Oxford OX2 6NN
E-mail: archive at ox.vax3 on JANET
Ut Humanities Research Center
Brigham Young University
Provo, Ut.
USA
E-mail: JONES at BYUHRC on BITNET
German
Bo Inst. fur Kommunikationsforschung und Phonetik
I.K.P.
Poppelsdorfer Allee 47
Bonn I D-5300
W. Germany
Ma Institut fur Deutsche Sprache
Inst. fur Deutsche Sprache
Friedrich-Karl Str. 12
Mannheim 1 D-6800
Germany
Greek
Ir Thesaurus Lingu^a Gr^ac^a
U California at Irvine
Irvine CA 92717
USA
E-mail: tlg at ucicp6 on bitnet
Hebrew
BI Bar-Ilan Center for Computers and Jewish Heritage
Aliza & Menachem Begin Building
Bar-Ilan University
Ramat Gan 52100
Israel
Je Academy of the Hebrew Language
Giv'at Ram
P.O. Box 3449
Jerusalem, 91 034
Israel
Icelandic
Co Arnamagn^an Institute
U Copenhagen
Njalsgade 76
Copenhagen DK-2300
Denmark
Italian
Pi Ist. di Linguistica Computazionale
U of Pisa
via della faggiola
Pisa I-56100
Italy
E-mail: latino at icnucevm on earn
Latin
Lv Centre e*lectronique de traitement des documents
Universite* Catholique de Louvain
Louvain la Neuve B-1348
Belgium
NH APA Repository of Greek and Latin texts
LOGOI Systems
27 School Street
Hanover NH 03755
USA
Norwegian
Bn Norsk Tekstarkiv
Boks 53
Bergen-Universitet
Bergen 5014
Norway
Swedish
Go Logotek
U Goteborg
Sprakdata
6 N. Allegatan
Goteborg 41301
Sweden
END OF LIST
=========================================================================
Date: Fri, 14-AUG-1987 08:37 EST
Reply-To: S_RICHMOND@UTOROISE
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: S_RICHMOND@UTOROISE
Subject: two cultures
1 How many cultures?
R.Hare's solution or dissolution of the two cultures problem in saying that
there is really one culture is one way out of Snow's problem. Nelson Goodman
says that really the arts are cognitive in content, but only differ from the
sciences in their notational systems. If this is the type of solution that
Hare is proposing, there still remains a dimension of Snow's problem that is
untouched. Very few scientists and humanists can talk about each other's work
together--not only on a professional level, but also on an informal level.
They have very little comprehension of the problems, methods, and mores of each
other. This is akin to a problem posed earlier by the founder of
'Reconstructionism' in North American modern Judaism. M. Kaplan asked -- how
can the contemporary Jew live as a Jew in modern western civilization? There
are two 'civilizations' that the modern Jew inhabits: one is the traditional
Jewish civilization steeped in the Bible, and Rabbinic interpretation and law;
the other is modern western civilization steeped in an extended version of the
Bible and in Greco-Roman mores and values. The literature, the mores, and the
institutions of these two civilizations, not only are different but conflict in
certain respects. Analogously, the modern humanist is educated in a
distinctive tradition with distinctive mores and problems; however, the
humanist lives in a world dominated by the scientific culture. How can the
humanist live as a humanist in modern scientific civilization?
2 Are the two cultures becoming one?
Perhaps N. Ide's obversation that textual analysis and literary criticism is
converging with A.I. on the problem of understanding meaning--of how to decode
texts and strings--indicates that the two cultures are converging. This
reminds me of Karl Popper's remark that really there is only one problem that
all thinkers, scientists, philosophers, historians... are interested in:
namely, what is our place in this universe of random events?; and his remark
that what really matters are pursuit of problems regardless of academic
discipline. However, in spite of this, should we ignore the fact that the
focus of the A.I. world and the literary criticism world on the problem of
explaining how meaning occurs and how meaning can be obtained, differs? The
A.I world is interested in simulating the process of meaning. The textual
analysis world is interested in the meaning of particular texts, of decoding
texts found in different periods of history. Isn't this one of the crucial
differences in values between the sciences and humanities? The sciences are
interested in process just as process; the humanities are interested in process
in so far as it helps one to approach the understanding of unique products and
unique events in human history.
=========================================================================
Date: Friday, 14 August 1987 1020-EST
Reply-To: KRAFT@PENNDRLN
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: KRAFT@PENNDRLN
Subject: Archives
Since this may be of more general interest, here are a couple
of corrections and comments on Lou Burnard's list of Archives:
1. The address for "Pe" = CCAT needs to be corrected as follows:
Religious Studies (this is optional; CCAT will do)
Box 36 College Hall
U Pennsylvania
Philadelphia PA 19104-6303
USA
2. The Pe archive focuses on biblical materials, but includes
much more since we have tried to gather a variety of texts from
other sources (as the CD-ROM "text sampler" contents indicate).
Probably the "General" category would be appropriate, perhaps
with the comment "special focus on biblical and related materials."
3. The APA Archive has now moved with Stephen Waite to the
new Packard Humanities Institute (which Waite now directs)
300 Second Street
Los Altos, CA (I need to get the zipcode for Lou)
USA
415 948-0150 (Bitnet account not yet established)
This Institute (PHI) will have more than only Latin (and Greek)
texts, although the initial concentration is on producing a
Thesaurus Linguae Latinae parallel to TLG.
Bob Kraft
=========================================================================
Date: 16 August 1987, 14:00:09 EDT
Reply-To: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Subject: Scholarly computing in the humanities?
My question about the scholarly nature of humanities computing,
recently addressed by Abigail Young and Nancy Ide, leads almost
immediately to the more general question of what humanistic
scholarship is, or what we think it is. Popular culture is still
permeated with the simplistic notion of progress, which in
practice is much more congenial to the sciences
than it is to the humanities. A scientist's career
often hinges on whether he is the first to announce a new
discovery, and if he does the rewards can be enormous. He is much
more likely to capture the public imagination than the humanist.
The humanist's discoveries, or rediscoveries, are both more
remote and more immediate to daily life, therefore harder to see:
either because cultural self-understanding is difficult to
achieve and its effects profound and gradual, or because they
touch intimately aspects of life that are routinely ignored
though utterly inescapable. Fruit of the scientist's work is
often marketable, at least in theory, whereas the humanist's work
is not. In an age dominated by the "ethic" of the marketplace, it
follows that the humanist is bound to do poorly. If forced to
sell himself, he will be forced to sell himself.
Now I'm not saying that scientists are crass and humanists noble
(I'd be absolutely *overwhelmed* by evidence to the contrary!),
but that the public perception of their roles creates a bad
situation for the scholar of either kind. I've heard scientists,
including our recent Nobel Prize winner John Polanyi, complain
about how highly touted work has been conducted in spite of the
demands of the marketplace and academic salesmen and about the
ways in which directions of research have been disturbingly
altered by the pressure of granting agencies. This is no new
situation, but that doesn't make it any the less of a threat.
As computing humanists we're caught in the middle, but in an
important sense not between two opposed scholarly communities.
Like the scientists we need money for equipment, but we are very
new to the game of how to get it without becoming slavish
creatures of the marketplace, thus of the lowest common
denominator of public opinion. Our role is Socratic, but how do
we avoid the hemlock? Watch out for those who would demolish
tenure.
Progress (which sells because it holds out a soporific hope) is
not our most important product or aim. We don't so much go where
no man has gone before but continually return to basic questions.
So a humanities computing that furnishes us with tools to do what
the best of us have always done, but do it more efficiently,
indeed do it at all, is a discipline worth following. As Nancy
Ide has said or implied, one important effect of humanities
computing is to subject formerly intuitive methods to
algorithmic scrutiny, so to make conscious some of what has been
subconscious. I don't think that means our results will be either
less tentative or less imaginative, but it does mean that we may
know ourselves as scholars better. The danger from within is that
as champions of the observable phenomena from which algorithms
are constructed we will lose sight of the unobservable and so
trivialize our disciplines. The danger from without is that like
Esau we will sell our birthright for a bowl of yummy pottage. On
the other hand, the potential of humanities computing both for
the humanities *and* for computer science is very great and very
exciting.
I hope this is not too woolly for HUMANISTs at large. I do think
we're in a good position to trouble ourselves and our colleagues
with gritty questions about basic issues. Very few others seem to
be doing it.
=========================================================================
Date: Mon, 17 Aug 87 17:41 EDT
Reply-To: GUEST4@YUSOL
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: GUEST4@YUSOL
Subject: McCarty on Scholarship, Pottage, etc.
Bring on the grits! But first, perhaps, a little of the nitty.
Does anyone remember an explanation of why the BIOGRAFY file
is being spruced up for publication in the ACH journal?
Does it make spicy reading? Is it representative of the latest
algorithmic pulse of the high-tech humanists of our time? Does it
help, or hinder, the free exchange so natural in this new medium
to know that sooner or later, all our vital statistics and perhaps
even some of our knottier comments will be grabbed off to fill
the (otherwise uncrowded?) pages of some institutional organ or
other? Will it help raise funds for this enterprise, or simply
build an image, and distribute a useful free mailing list, for
those otherwise not well enough occupied with (dare one utter
the word?) their own (algorithmic or other) scholarly pursuits?
Doubtless none of the above suspicions have any foundation in fact.
Then why not a brief rationale for jumping into print so soon
to advertise who the early joiners of HUMANIST happen to be?
Behind all this flippancy lurks another question, really quite a sincere
one, stemming from genuine ignorance and wishful optimism. THat is, does
anyone feel able to outline some of the new wrinkles in textual studies or
other branches of humanities research that but for ubiquitous
computerization would not, could not, have existed, and why we would all
have been the poorer for it? I don't really begrudge the premise, if indeed
it's true. But the first few instances that did come to my mind turned out
to be pretty quickly traceable to scholars or practices already known to be
under way without computers. I for one would welcome some facts to bolster
this argument for computers in the humanities, next time I too am tempted to
advance it.
--Sterling Beckwith
=========================================================================
Date: 17 August 1987, 19:23:36 EDT
Reply-To: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Subject: Junk on the rebound from wiscvm
A temporarily bad address on the ARPA network, in collusion with crude
software on a VM-machine in Wisconsin, has resulted in a small flood of
junk mail for HUMANISTs. Brute-force methods have been applied to stop
additional junk from landing in your readers. Your friendly
anthropomorphic peripheral interface extends the necessary apologies.
=========================================================================
Date: 18 August 1987, 10:13:11 EDT
Reply-To: Dr Abigail Ann Young 1-416-585-4504 <YOUNG@UTOREPAS>
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: Dr Abigail Ann Young 1-416-585-4504 <YOUNG@UTOREPAS>
Do any HUMANISTS know of a text archive with medieval Latin exegetical
texts in machine readable form, eg, Alcuin, Bede, Rupert of Deutz,
Thomas Aquinas, etc? Or even patristic exegetical texts? I have tried
communicating with CETEDOC at Louvain and haven't had a reply on this
point. I am interesting in analyzing one of the perennial problems in
the history of western biblical commentaries, the so-called senses of
Scripture, by using computer analysis but need texts! Any replies
should, I think, be sent direct to me, rather than posted to HUMANIST
generally. Thank you.
Abigail Ann Young
University of Toronto
YOUNG at UTOREPAS
=========================================================================
Date: Tuesday, 18 August 1987 1056-EST
Reply-To: KRAFT@PENNDRLN
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: KRAFT@PENNDRLN
Subject: textual studies
No punches pulled. I was a bit put off by the tone of
Sterling Beckwith's comments on the plan to publish the
brief biographies. I, for one, find this sort of information
very helpful for seeking advice, writing grant proposals (and
suggesting possible referees), and referring information seekers,
to mention only some obvious uses. Maybe it wouldn't need to be
published, but there are many people out there who are not on
e-mail and who might find it useful. So do it.
As for the "new" advantages of computer assisted textual studies,
we at CCAT (Center for Computer Analysis of Texts) have found many.
The CATSS (Computer Assisted Tools for Septuagint Study) project
out of which CCAT to some extent has emerged is able to do careful
and complete study of "translation technique" (e.g. between the
Hebrew and Greek biblical materials, or Greek and Latin, or Greek
and Coptic) at a level that is theoretically possible without
computer, but would hardly have been attempted. We are also engaged
in encoding all available textual variants from the hundreds of
ancient manuscripts for the Greek Bible to enable complete analysis
and production of data in various forms to assist the creation of
new critical editions. Again, theoretically possible otherwise, but
not likely to be done at this level. We have done semi-automatic
morphological analysis of some of these materials, and will coordinate
the various elements (text, analysis, variants, translation alignment)
in such a way as to afford gigantic leaps forward in philological,
textcritical, cultural-linguistic, and (hopefully) historical research.
Although we are just beginning to look ahead to next stages, with the
growing availability of large bodies of such data on CD-ROM, it is
clear to us that digitization combined with character oriented data
will put such studies as paleography, papyrology and codicology on
new bases that could hardly be accomplished more than sporadically
with pre-computer technology (e.g. precise mapping of handwritten
letterforms, and careful comparison of such; "fingerprinting" of
papyri striations to help match fragments; shadowing and enhancement
techniques to assist with reading palimpsests or badly damaged
materials). Much of this can, of course, overflow into basic
instructional approaches (especially when combined with sound and
pictures/pictorial graphics) and/or general enhancement of the use
of texts for whatever reasons -- e.g. being able to browse a text
in a "foreign language" (or even in one's native tongue) and call
into a window a lexical entry to assist with meaning, and (in
another window) a grammatical analysis, or even translation
equivalents in other languages (and, for that matter, variants).
Sure, it could all be done without computer in some theoretical
sense, but certainly not as quickly, conveniently, thoroughly, etc.
Some would call all this "drugery." Perhaps so. But it is foundational
to other applications, and I would certainly be "poorer" in my own
work (on Jewish and Christian literature and history in the
Greco-Roman period) without it! I suspect that similar things
could be said about text dependent research in general.
Bob Kraft (CCAT)
=========================================================================
Date: Wed, 19 Aug 87 12:56 CDT
Reply-To: CHURCHDM@VUCTRVAX
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: CHURCHDM@VUCTRVAX
Subject: HUMANITIES BULLETIN BOARD
Frank Borchardt at Duke told me I should get on your bulletin board.
Please send me a message telling when the board is accessible and how I
can get on it and use it through BITNET.
Thanks, Dan M. Church, Dep't of French & Italian, Vanderbilt University
=========================================================================
Date: Wed, 19 Aug 87 14:49:10 EDT
Reply-To: Steve Younker - Postmaster <YOUNKER2@UTORONTO>
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: Steve Younker - Postmaster <YOUNKER2@UTORONTO>
Subject: Humanist Test
I trust all the people on the HUMANIST subscription will excuse this short
test message.
Steve Younker, Postmaster - University of Toronto
Postmaster - HUMANIST
=========================================================================
Date: 19 August 1987, 15:59:38 EDT
Reply-To: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Subject: The biographies in print?
Nancy Ide's proposal to print the biographies, recently endorsed by Bob
Kraft, has created a minor flurry of comments and caused a fair number
of revisions to be made. It's fascinating and significant that several
HUMANISTs have felt compelled to take the expansive and playful elements
out of their biographies, as it were to put them in their Sabbath best
for presentation to company. I find in this ample justification for an
electronic forum, where homo ludens is as much at home as homo sapiens
(though those two are, of course, aspects of each other).
The motivation for printing the biographies seems to me a good one. Ide
and Kraft have both suggested that those of us who don't yet have access
to e-mail might profit from reading them as much as we will. On the
other hand, many of you wrote yours not suspecting that they would be
published in any fashion.
So, I leave the matter with you. If anyone wants to discuss this in
public, please do so. If you merely want your biography deleted from the
collection to be printed, please send me a note directly; if you want a
revised version printed, send me the revision. I'm not yet certain of
the Newsletter's deadline but will let you know.
=========================================================================
Date: 19 August 1987, 20:55:32 EDT
Reply-To: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Subject: An introductory guide to HUMANIST
Following is a revised welcome message, expanded to such an extent that
I'm now calling it *A Guide to HUMANIST*. I'd be grateful if you would
send me any comments or suggestions for improvement. One shortcoming I'm
especially conscious of is its "monolingual" preoccupation with Bitnet
e-mail. Help from anyone familiar with the workings of other networks
now used by HUMANISTs (e.g., JANET, uucp, ARPA) would be very welcome.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A Guide to HUMANIST
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
C O N T E N T S
I. Nature and Aims
II. How to use HUMANIST
A. Sending and receiving messages
B. Conventions and Etiquette
C. Distributing files
D. ListServ's commands and facilities
E. Suggestions and Complaints
=================================================================
I. Nature and aims
=================================================================
Welcome to HUMANIST, a Bitnet/NetNorth/EARN discussion group for
people who support computing in the humanities. Those who teach,
review software, answer questions, give advice, program, write
documentation, or otherwise support research and teaching in this
area are included. Although HUMANIST is intended to help these
people exchange all kinds of information, it is primarily meant
for discussion rather than publication or advertisement.
HUMANIST is an activity of the Special Interest Group for
Humanities Computing Resources, which is in turn an affiliate of
both the Association for Computers and the Humanities (ACH) and
the Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing (ALLC).
Although participants in HUMANIST are not required to be members
of either organization, membership in them is highly recommended.
In general, HUMANISTs are encouraged to ask questions and offer
answers, to begin and contribute to discussions, to suggest
problems for research, and so forth. One of the specific
motivations for establishing HUMANIST was to allow people
involved in this area to form a common idea of the nature of
their work, its requirements, and its standards. Institutional
recognition is not infrequently inadequate, at least partly
because computing in the humanities is an emerging and highly
cross-disciplinary field. Its support is significantly different
from the support of other kinds of computing, with which it may
be confused. It does not fit easily into the established
categories of academia and is not well understood by those from
whom recognition is sought.
Apart from the general discussion, HUMANIST encourages the
formation of a professional identity by maintaining an informal
biographical directory of its members. This directory is
automatically sent to new members when they join. Supplements are
issued whenever warranted by the number of new entries. Members
are responsible for keeping their entries updated. The directory
and its supplements may be printed in the Newsletter of the ACH
unless individuals declare otherwise.
Those from any discipline in or related to the humanities are
welcome, provided that they fit the broad guidelines described
above. Please tell anyone who might be interested to send a
message to me, giving his or her name, address, telephone number,
and a short biographical description of what he or she does to
support computing in the humanities. This description should
cover academic background and research interests, both in
computing and otherwise; the nature of the job this person holds;
and, if relevant, its place in the university.
===================================================================
II. How to Use HUMANIST
===================================================================
A. Sending and receiving messages
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Currently anyone given access to HUMANIST can communicate with
all other members without restriction. A member need not be on
Bitnet but can use any comparable network with access to Bitnet.
Thus, to send mail to everyone simultaneously, use whatever
command your system provides (e.g., NOTE or MAIL) addressed to
HUMANIST at UTORONTO. Your message is then sent by your local
software to the UTORONTO node of Bitnet, where the "Revised List
Processor" (or ListServ) automatically redirects it to everyone
currently on the list of members.
Because ListServ is automatic, HUMANIST is subject to inadvertent
abuse, and a certain amount of "junk mail" is inevitable. With
the number of members world-wide, using many different systems on
several different networks, the possibilities for error are not
inconsiderable. Membership in HUMANIST thus requires patience
with fallible human artifacts and regular attention to one's
incoming e-mail. Otherwise the accumulation can be burdensome.
[Please note that in the following description, commands will be
given in the form acceptable on an IBM VM/CMS system. If your
system is different, you will have to make the appropriate
translation.]
-----------------------------------------------------------------
B. Conventions and Etiquette
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Restricted conversations or asides can, of course, develop from
the unrestricted discussions on HUMANIST by members communicating
directly with each other. This is particularly recommended for
replies to general queries, so that HUMANIST and its members are
not burdened with messages of interest only to the person who
asked the question and, perhaps, a few others. If, for example,
one of us asks the rest about the availability of software for
keeping notes in Devanagari, suggestions should be sent directly
to the questioner's e-mail address, not to HUMANIST. A questioner
who receives one or more generally interesting and useful replies
should consider gathering them together with the original
question and submitting the collection to HUMANIST.
(Please note that the REPLY function of some electronic mailers
will automatically direct a user's response to HUMANIST, not to
the original sender. Thus REPLY should be avoided in many cases.
This is particularly true for systems that allow automatic
replies, for example, in cases in which the user is temporarily
unable to attend to his account.)
Use your judgment about what the whole group should receive. We
could easily overwhelm each other and so defeat the purpose of
HUMANIST. Strong methods are available for controlling a
discussion group, but the lively, free-ranging discussions made
possible by judicious self-control seem preferable. Controversy
itself is welcome, but what others would regard as tiresome
junk-mail is not. Courtesy is still a treasured virtue.
Make it an invariable practice to help the recipients of your
messages scan them by including a SUBJECT line in your message.
Be aware, however, that some people will read no more than the
SUBJECT line, so you should take care that it is accurate and
comprehensive as well as brief.
Use your judgment about the length of your messages as well. If
you find yourself writing an essay or have a substantial amount
of information to offer, it might be better to follow one of the
two methods outlined in the next section.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
C. Distributing files
-----------------------------------------------------------------
HUMANIST offers us an excellent means of distributing written
material of many kinds, e.g., reviews of software or hardware.
(Work is now underway to provide this service for reviews.)
Although conventional journals remain the means of professional
recognition, they are often too slow to keep up with changes in
computing. With some care, HUMANIST could provide a supplementary
venue of immediate benefit to our colleagues.
There are two possible methods of distributing such material.
More specialized reports should probably be reduced to abstracts
and posted in this form to HUMANISTs at large, then sent by the
originators directly to those who request them. The more
generally interesting material in bulk can be sent in an ordinary
message to all HUMANISTs, but this could easily overburden the
network so is not generally recommended. We are currently working
on a means of centralized storage for relatively large files,
such that they could be fetched by HUMANISTs at will, but this
means is not yet fully operational.
At present the only files we are able to keep centrally are the
monthly logbooks of conversations on HUMANIST. See the next
section for details.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
D. ListServ's Commands and Facilities
-----------------------------------------------------------------
As just mentioned, ListServ maintains monthly logbooks of
discussions. Thus new members have the opportunity of reading
contributions made prior to joining the group. To see a list of
these logbooks, send the following command:
TELL LISTSERV AT UTORONTO SENDME HUMANIST FILELIST
(Note that in networks that do not allow interactive commands to
be given to a Bitnet ListServ, the same thing can be accomplished
be sending a message to HUMANIST with the command as the first
and only line. This will result in junk-mail for everyone else,
but so be it.)
The logbooks are named HUMANIST LOGyymm, where "yy" represents
the last two digits of the year and "mm" the number of the month.
The log for July 1987 would, for example, be named HUMANIST
LOG8707, and to get this log you would issue the following
command:
TELL LISTSERV AT UTORONTO GET HUMANIST LOG8705
ListServ accepts several other commands, for example to retrieve
a list of the current members or to set various options. These
are described in a document named LISTSERV MEMO. This and other
documentation will normally be available to you from your nearest
ListServ node and is best fetched from there, since in that way
the network is least burdened. You should consult with your local
experts to discover the nearest ListServ; they will also be able
to help you with whatever problems in the use of ListServ you may
encounter.
Once you have found the nearest node XXXXXX, type the following:
TELL LISTSERV AT XXXXXX INFO ?
The various documents available to you will then be listed.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
E. Suggestions and Complaints
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Suggestions about the running of HUMANIST or its possible
relation to other means of communication are very welcome. So are
complaints, particularly if they are constructive. Experience has
shown that an electronic discussion group can be either
beneficial or burdensome to its members. Much depends on what the
group as a whole wants and does not want. Please make your views
known, to everyone or to me directly, as appropriate.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Willard McCarty, 20 August 1987
Editor of HUMANIST,
Centre for Computing in the Humanities,
University of Toronto
(MCCARTY@UTOREPAS.BITNET)
=========================================================================
Date: Wed, 19 Aug 87 23:26 EDT
Reply-To: GUEST4@YUSOL
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: GUEST4@YUSOL
Subject: why not wait until the questionnaire?
Good the motives may well be, but what are they? Does one join an
electronic conference just to provide tantalizing tidbits for those who do
NOT have access to e-mail? This is only one of many confusing and seemingly
contradictory aspects of the proposal to put personal identifying
information from the early stage of this particular new electronic
conference into a print journal that serves a different membership and a
different (albeit somewhat overlapping) function.
The issues about the difference between print and electronic media raised so
delicately by McCarty seem no less critical. Without much better
explanations than have so far been supplied, would it not make sense to keep
these issues going as proper food for our discussion, while awaiting some
kind of standardized questionnaire, which I gather is already in the works,
before going public with our personal data? Better yet, such a format might
well produce just the sort of machine-readable material about ourselves that
could (who knows?) one day power yet another "giant leap forward" for the
computerized humanities!
S. Beckwith
(who would include a digitized passport photo with each bio)
=========================================================================
Date: Wed, 19 Aug 87 23:41 EDT
Reply-To: GUEST4@YUSOL
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: GUEST4@YUSOL
Subject: Why not wait for the questionnaire?
(REPLY to W. McCarty re printing bios)
Good the motives may well be, but what are they? Does one join an
electronic conference just to provide tantalizing tidbits for those who do
NOT have access to e-mail? This is only one of many confusing and seemingly
contradictory aspects of the proposal to put personal identifying
information from the early stage of this particular new electronic
conference into a print journal that serves a different membership and a
different (albeit somewhat overlapping) function.
The issues about the difference between print and electronic media raised so
delicately by McCarty seem no less critical. Without much better
reasons for haste than have so far been supplied, would it not make sense to kee
p
these issues going as proper food for our discussion, while awaiting some
kind of standardized questionnaire, which I gather is already in the works,
before going public with our personal data? Better yet, such a format might
well produce just the sort of machine-readable material about ourselves that
could (who knows?) one day power yet another "giant leap forward" for the
computerized humanities!
-- S. Beckwith
(who would include a digitized passport photo with each bio...)
=========================================================================
Date: Thursday, 20 August 1987 0952-EST
Reply-To: KRAFT@PENNDRLN
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: KRAFT@PENNDRLN
Subject: microform scanning
Does anyone have information about scanners capable of
converting microfilm and/or microfiche images directly into
electronic form (without going through a hardcopy stage)?
I have heard that such things exist, but have never found
an address or telephone number to contact for details.
Bob Kraft
=========================================================================
Date: 22 August 1987, 17:03:01 EDT
Reply-To: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Subject: Joel Goldfield on new things under the sun
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 87 17:01:54 EDT
From: dartvax!psc90!jdg@ihnp4 (Dr. Joel Goldfield)
Message-Id: <8708202101.AA08539@psc90.UUCP>
To: utorepas.bitnet.UUCP!MCCARTY@Princeton.EDU
Dear Colleagues,
I appreciate Willard's having sent on Abigail Young's thoughtful
comments on humanities computing. My apologies to Willard for his having to
forward this comment since my gateway/node to BITNET is somewhat dyslexic.
Abigail and others may find the upcoming book of essays
edited by Rosanne Potter (probably to be published by U. of Pennsylvania Press)
to be useful in determining whether the computer lets us do "something new."
This volume will consist of approximately one dozen essays, scholarly "eggs"
containing a variety of literary applications (English, French, German, etc.)
of computer research. They are probably on that "cutting edge" which we should
consider in our humanities computing repertoire before coming to an initial
decision on whether of not this "newness" exists.
Personally, I find that if the process is new and speeds up my
research, thus the amount of information I can evaluate and incorporate
in my literary analyses, it is a valuable addition to my work. Often, speed
with accuracy in research allows us to discover and evaluate more efficiently.
The results I obtain seem richer and more accurate in substantiating the
"big picture" as well as "trees in the forest" conclusions for which I strive.
Sincerely,
Joel D. Goldfield
Plymouth State College (NH, USA)
=========================================================================
Date: 23 August 1987, 20:25:59 EDT
Reply-To: ENGHUNT@UOGUELPH
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: ENGHUNT@UOGUELPH
I have to second Joel's recent comment: the increase in speed and
accuracy is a principle advantage of computer-assisted humanities
research. Helping us to do faster and more accurately the things
that we already do is a definite advantage of the new technology.
The "cutting edge", however, is a different matter. I think of
the renaissance astronomers with their "new technology" and look
at the results. The ones who reshaped the world weren't those
who simply used the technology to help them to do what they
already did; the ones who reshaped the world were those who used
the technology to do -- and to discover -- things that had not
been done -- or discovered -- by doing things the way they had
been done in the past. The real contributions of computer
technology to humanities research are only going to appear when
we begin to use the tool to do things we haven't been able to do
before, either because they were too time-consuming or
labour-intensive -- as someone already has suggested in these
discussions -- or because we have not been able, until now, to
conceive of them.
=========================================================================
Date: 23 August 1987, 20:57:41 EDT
Reply-To: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Subject: Renaissance astronomers & Renaissance poets
Stuart Hunter has replied to the continuing discussion on humanities
computing by citing the example of Renaissance astronomers, who shook up
the old world with new discoveries. The problem with this analogy to our
use of computers lies mostly (here it is once more!) with the practical
differences between the conduct of the sciences and of the humanities.
Galileo and company were scientists, very much interested in going where
no man had gone before. We, however, are much closer to Milton, who may
have visited Galileo in his pontifical confinement and who wrote him
into Paradise Lost. Milton apparently had read everything ancient and
modern by the time of his blindness, was very much aware of contemporary
discoveries of all sorts, yet he turned these discoveries to the eternal
problems explored in his poetry. Critics have been puzzled by the odd
mixture of Ptolemaic and Copernican astronomy in PL, but the puzzle
vanishes as soon as you realize that both were equally grist for his
mill, that as a poet he wasn't espousing one astronomy or the other as
the "truth" but using both as metaphors.
With Joel Goldfield I'm also looking forward to the publication of
Rosanne Potter's book with its several examples. Meanwhile, what seems
to have come out in this discussion are two suggestions: (1) that it's
too early to tell what the scholarly contribution of humanities
computing may be; and (2) that h.c. has already established itself in
the scholarly world by allowing us to do things that were theoretically
possible before but would not have been done very thoroughly or at all
because they were so laborious. Both seem true to me.
In my own work (on the classical antecedents to Milton) it certainly
seems that by using a computer to collect and arrange thousands of
extracts from classical texts I've been able to do things otherwise
beyond my powers. This brings up a corollary to the second point just
mentioned. There are and have been classicists capable of recalling and
arranging such extracts without a computer, but they were not Miltonists
as well. So, by using a computer I've been able to wander far beyond the
limits that would otherwise constrain me and thus to do (I flatter
myself to think) exciting work. At least the work excites me, and some
of it gets published. To generalize, then, computational methods
favour cross-disciplinary research.
For another, simpler example, take the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae, a
great thesaurus indeed. Using it, say on an Ibycus microcomputer,
someone with a rudimentary knowledge of Greek can do things utterly
impractical if not unthinkable without it. Of course the thinking still
has to be done, but the TLG gives us a wealth of material to think with.
The same (and more) could be said of the Responsa database of rabbinic
Hebrew, a 70-million word corpus covering a millenium, because of its
wonderful tools for morphological analysis.
Am I wrong to presume that the aim of philology and textual editing is
to provide reliable texts on which we can base interpretations of
the past and its culture? Could our parallel aim be to provide various
reliable ways of manipulating these texts? Our case is
somewhat different, since to a much greater extent we must also be
interpreters.
[65 lines]
=========================================================================
Date: 24 August 1987, 10:29:26 EDT
Reply-To: ENGHUNT@UOGUELPH
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: ENGHUNT@UOGUELPH
Willard puts his finger on the nub of the problem when he asks,
in his final comment:
"Could our parallel aim be to provide various reliable
ways of manipulating these texts? Our case is somewhat
different, since to a much greater extent we must also
be interpreters."
To clarify the place of computing in the humanities we have to
begin, I would argue, with a clear idea of what it is that we in
the humanities are trying to do. If the aim of textual editing
and of philology is "to provide reliable texts on which we can
base interpretations of the past and its culture" then the place
of computing can be viewed as that of a tool that aids one in the
process of compiling the texts, comparing the variants, and,
ultimately, producing the final product, the "reliable texts."
In this it is clear that the philologist and editor are using the
technology to do better and to do faster the things that they
have always done -- or tried to do.
What, though, is the broader aim of the literary scholar?
To use Willard's description of his work on Milton as an example,
exactly what is it that he is trying to do? If his task is
simply "to collect and arrange thousands of extracts from
classical texts," then again the computer becomes a tool that
enables us to do things better and faster. Willard goes on,
though, to point toward the more difficult problem when he says,
at the end of his note, that "Our case is somewhat different,
since to a much greater extent we must also be interpreters."
The question that has to be addressed, it seems, is how, to what
extent, in what ways, can the technology assist us in the task of
interpretation? In order to answer that question, we need to
begin from a clear idea of the process of interpretation.
Exactly what do we do when we "interpret" a text? What kinds of
questions do we ask? What kinds of mental processes are
involved? How can those processes be duplicated by computer
programmes? Hopefully Roxanne's collection of essays will
include not only the "look at how I've been able to speed up my
work" kind of paper but also the "this is the goal of my
scholarship and this is the process used to reach that goal" kind
of paper, the latter being clearly focussed on the process AS
RELATED TO THE GOAL.
=========================================================================
Date: Mon, 24 Aug 87 09:37:19 MST
Reply-To: Mark Olsen <ATMKO@ASUACAD>
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: Mark Olsen <ATMKO@ASUACAD>
Subject: Vanilla SNOBOL4
Date: 24 August 1987, 08:38:59 MST
From: ATMKO at ASUACAD Mark Olsen
To: HUMANIST at UTORONTO
Catspaw Inc. has recently released a public domain version of
SNOBOL4+ called Vanilla SNOBOL4. It is a stripped down version
of SNOBOL4+ that can address 30 kilobytes of program and data
space, does not support extended features of the language, but
conforms to the so-called "Green Book" SNOBOL4 standard. The
package also has a 150 page manual on disk. Catspaw has
attempted to provide a usable product while leaving enough out
of the PD version to encourage users to purchase the full
implementation. Vanilla SNOBOL4 may be very useful for teaching
students SNOBOL programming on a micro without purchasing a
site license or multiple copies of the program. You can order
copies from Catspaw directly (I believe there is a $15.00 charge
for shipping, copy and diskette) or send me a formatted 5.25
inch IBM-PC floppy diskette and a self-addressed, stamped diskette
mailer, and I will send a copy to you. Catspaw can be contacted
at:
Catspaw, Inc.
P.O. Box 1123
Salida, Colorado
81201 USA
(303-539-3884)
(emmer@arizona.edu)
I can be contacted at:
Humanities Computing Facility
Department of English
Arizona State University
Tempe, AZ 85287
Mark Olsen
*** end of message ***
=========================================================================
Date: Mon, 24 Aug 87 12:10:19 MST
Reply-To: Mark Olsen <ATMKO@ASUACAD>
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: Mark Olsen <ATMKO@ASUACAD>
Subject: Do you have....?
I have had several requests for the following texts from
faculty at Arizona State University: Milton's Paradise Lost,
Erasmus Praise of Follow and More's Utopia. We are prepared to
scan these, but I certain like to avoid having to scan something
that long. I would like to know if these texts are in computer
readable format and, if so, what it would cost to obtain copies.
Thanks,
Mark Olsen
=========================================================================
Date: Monday, 24 August 1987 1920-EST
Reply-To: KRAFT@PENNDRLN
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: KRAFT@PENNDRLN
Subject: interpretation
If, as I would argue, the PRIMARY task of interpretation
is to try to understand the target text/author on its own
terms (philologically, lexically, historically, etc.), then
the use of computer as a fast and accurate tool to recover
or uncover relevant data and its use as an aide to interpretation
are two sides of the same coin -- or maybe two facets of the same
gem -- not so? If it can take us farther (but in what directions,
and why?), that would be a bonus. But just as before (or without)
the machine, so with the machine, awareness of our own assumptions
and aims is probably the most important factor in assessing how
we do the job, and how well we do the job. Is "science" really
so different? Das Wesens des Wissenschaft ist Methode (Paul
de Lagarde; with apologies if I fractured the Deutsch --
"The essence of scholarly research is its method").
Bob Kraft
=========================================================================
Date: Mon, 24 Aug 87 20:17 EDT
Reply-To: GUEST4@YUSOL
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: GUEST4@YUSOL
Subject: "Are these texts to be had in machine-readable form?"
A Code of Computer Ethics, if it existed or could be cajoled into being by
HUMANISTs, might specify that anyone who scans (or hires third-world slave labor
to encode)
a complete literary text MUST send word of its existence and whereabouts in
such a format to some central, on-line clearing-house or bulletin-board
(ACH? HUMANIST itself?)
Who is now working on THAT bit of publishity or grantswomanship, one wonders???
Surely Mr. Olsen and others unnumberable would bless and thank them often.
Or so it seems to
S. Beckwith
=========================================================================
Date: Monday, 24 August 1987 2027-EST
Reply-To: KRAFT@PENNDRLN
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: KRAFT@PENNDRLN
Subject: centralized information on texts
Surely most HUMANISTS know how to start locating available
texts. The most obvious and extensive general collection in the
English speaking world (probably in the world at large) is the
Oxford Archive, the catalogue of which can be obtained via
electronic mail from Lou Burnard. The Rutgers Inventory Project
has been gathering information about encoded texts for years,
and will circulate whatever results are currently available.
Rutgers has not attempted to gather all the texts at this point.
The Center for Computer Analysis of Texts at Penn has tried to
gather texts, has applied for funding to do so (with mixed
results), and is putting what has been gathered thus far onto
a CD-ROM for distribution this Fall. Milton's Paradise Lost is
among those texts. My earlier query about cooperation and
consortial arrangements is directly relevant to this issue of
information and availability. I am astounded that only three
responses from HUMANISTS were received, and I wonder who
has any real interest in such matters? Must we continue the
humanistic tradition of isolated individualism in this time of
new opportunity? Get a form from Rutgers to register the text
you have encoded. Send it to Oxford and/or CCAT if you are
willing to make it available (even with conditions) to others,
or to another cooperating center -- Thesaurus Linguae Graecae
for Greek materials (U.Cal, Irvine; Theodore Brunner),
Thesaurus Linguae Latinae for (classical) Latin (Packard
Humanities Institute; Stephen Waite), ARTFL for French (Univ.
of Chicago; Robert Morrissey), etc. (with apologies to the
collectors or collections I've overlooked -- speak up so we
all know what you are doing!). And say something if you think
this is an important function for cooperation/coordination, and
for seeking funding collectively.
Bob Kraft
=========================================================================
Date: Mon, 24 Aug 87 21:11 EDT
Reply-To: GUEST4@YUSOL
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: GUEST4@YUSOL
Subject: I knew it! Let MRTH abound!
There HAD to be something of the sort already up and running, and in going
over old HUMANIST mail, I see mention of a Rutgers MRTH Project, the
acronym for which even I can decipher. Now can anyone lead me gently
by the nose to more information about this happy endeavor?
With thanks,
S. Beckwith
=========================================================================
Date: 24 August 1987, 23:18:04 EDT
Reply-To: ENGHUNT@UOGUELPH
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: ENGHUNT@UOGUELPH
I don't have my OTA file on my home machine, but if Oxford does not have
either the Erasmus or the More, you might try contacting George Logan at
Queens for the More.
=========================================================================
Date: 25-AUG-1987 11:05:27 GMT
Reply-To: LOU@VAX.OXFORD.AC.UK
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: LOU@VAX.OXFORD.AC.UK
Subject: text archive catalogue
The new edition of the Oxford Text Archive catalogue is now available
on request. It lists over a thousand different texts, many of which are
available from Oxford. It includes information supplied by CCAT at Penn,
BYU, the ILC at Pisa and the LLC at Cambridge as well as over a dozen
contact addresses for other Archives. I would be delighted to send a copy
somewhere everyone could get at it, if someone would tell me where!
(Particularly since we are currently undergoing the
trauma of instlling a new VAX system at Oxford, and our PSE - i.e. the
magic gadget that links us to the rest of the world - has chosen this
week to go on the blink)
In response to St. Beckwith:
(1) the MRTH project is still going on collecting detailed cataloguing
information about machine readable texts. These will (I believe) eventually
be made available over RLIN. It is also planned to publish the current
state of their file as part of Joe Raben's forthcoming "Electronic Scholars
Resource Guide". They supplied us (OTA) some time ago with paper copies
of some of their records; these are unfortunately not in our catalogue
because I couldnt face the thought of typing it all in by hand when there
was at least a faint chance they might have the sense to send us a machine
readable list one day. Mea culpa!
(2) I endorse everything everyone has to say about telling the rest of the
world what they're doing/preparing. I do my best! If you deposit a text
in the Text Archive you can be sure that (a) its availabiltiy will be
as widely circulated as possible (b) any copies made of it will be
recorded. If you want to know who's worked with machine readable texts
of what we can tell you. I get roughly 20 enquiries a month, and have
other jobs to do as well, so bear with me...
We have copies of two of the three texts requested, by the way...
Lou Burnard
=========================================================================
Date: 25 August 1987 12:15:48 CDT
Reply-To: Undetermined origin c/o Postmaster <POSTMASTER@UTORONTO>
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
Comments: <Parser> E: Mail origin cannot be determined.
Comments: <Parser> E: Original tag was FROM: U18189 at UICVM (Michael
Sperberg-McQueen )
From: Undetermined origin c/o Postmaster <POSTMASTER@UTORONTO>
Subject: Text archiving, data sharing
I'd like to second all the admirable sentiments expressed by
HUMANISTs recently about the registration of texts and above all
about the sharing of texts. It seems a shame to me that there
is no central facility in the U.S. comparable to the Oxford
archive, to take at least some of the burden off Lou Burnard's
shoulders. But it seems an even bigger shame that it is not
regarded as a matter of course to deposit texts with OTA or
some other archive (perhaps with all the archives that collect
in the relevant field), as soon as they are in a presentable
state. There are, I'm sure, a lot of reasons that this doesn't
always happen now: ignorance, the belief that a given text isn't
yet clean enough to make public, fear of being taken advantage of,
and more.
My proposals toward a set of principles for making, sharing,
and using machine-readable texts would include:
1 if you make a machine-readable text, deposit it with an archive,
whether you wish to share it right away or not. After you die or
retire, you won't care anymore, and the archive should have it then.
2 make the text available to others (i.e. give the archive permission
to distribute it). The archive should be willing either to keep the
originator of the machine-readable version of the text informed of
copies distributed, or to require borrowers to get prior permission
from the originator, at the originator's option. (Oxford does this.)
That way you can keep track of who is using the text, and if you have
a suspicious nature you can even quiz them on their motives before
giving permission to borrow it. You can also reserve the data for
your own use for a while, until you have got your analysis well
underway and don't fear being 'scooped' with your own data.
(Personally I think this fear unrealistic -- the number of people
in a position to produce quick printable results from a machine-readable
text must be so small as to make the chances negligible. Still, I
have heard this fear from several people.)
3 Machine-readable copies of texts should be in a documented
encoding scheme (ACH is working on developing one of these, and
comments from interested parties may be addressed to the undersigned)
and include in the file itself (so it's still there even after
the paper documentation is lost) the relevant information:
who wrote the text, its title and date, bibliographic reference
to the edition used as copy text, who made the machine-readable
version, where, and when. Archives may wish to insert additionally
their names and any revisions or re-formatting they have done.
4 When you use a machine-readable text, BOTH the originator of
the data and the distributor (eg a text archive) should be given
credit in a footnote, just as you would give credit to the editor
and publisher whose edition of Shakespeare you were using.
This is established practice in the social sciences (I am told),
and has done a little bit to make people willing to publish their
datasets. (Not enough, but a little.)
5 All of us should begin to discuss just how we want to go about
setting up some central facility or network of central facilities
to handle the collection, documentation, and eventual improvement
and standardisation of data. It seems pretty clear that it's too
expensive a task for individual schools to handle alone, so a
consortium seems like a good plan. The details need a lot of
discussion, but it seems to me the consortium will have to be
self-supporting, -- so we will need to find ways of making it
cheaper for schools to join the group than for them to avoid
joining.
I have a number of ideas on this, but will save them for another note.
This is already long enough.
Michael Sperberg-McQueen, Univ. of Illinois at Chicago
PS MRTH = Machine-Readable Texts in the Humanities. Look in the
usual bibliographies for papers by Marianne Gaunt of Rutgers.
=========================================================================
Date: 25 August 1987, 22:22:39 EDT
Reply-To: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Subject: Method, Interpretation, and Humanities Computing
It seems to me that Bob Kraft and Stuart Hunter have both identified
something central to scholarship in our field. Kraft, you'll recall,
pointed to the importance of method in all scholarship, and Hunter to
the question of exactly how interpretation is done, what steps are
followed. In doing my own work, a fair bit of which is now computerized,
I've spent some effort observing what I do and asking myself what
aspects of it are susceptible to computational methods. In doing this
I've noted (as I'm sure many others have) how utterly dependent the
programs that result from this kind of observation are on whatever
literary critical, historiographical, or other theories the observer may
hold. Bringing these into the light is, I think, usually a healthy
thing, though not necessarily pleasant. (Does the Emperor have any
clothes on? If he ostentatiously reads Greek in the Bodleian he
probably doesn't.)
If, as it seems to me, computational scholarship in the humanities tends
to reveal the theoretical bases of interpretation, then we have a
natural affinity for the study of criticism, historiography, and, in
general, semiotics. As some of you doubtless know better than I,
computational methods allow the semiotician to construct and improve
upon models of interpretation. Others of us (like me) are content to
computerize the observable aspects of our favourite methods because our
interests really lie elsewhere, with the texts themselves & the
hermeneutical act rather than theories of how texts are read.
Computing in the humanities seems to be where many things meet. I
continue to think that it is vital for this discipline to be practiced
by people with independent scholarly interests. Like comparative
literature, religious studies, and semiotics (this is a very Canadian
statement), it is essentially a field populated by people from somewhere
else, with the odd "native" specialist in theory.
Comments?
=========================================================================
Date: 26 August 1987, 11:39:15 EDT
Reply-To: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Subject: Latest snapshot of the Oxford Text Archive
Lou Burnard sends this listing of the contents of the Archive. When we
figure out how to keep files centrally for distribution on request,
information of this kind won't semi-automatically be mailed to everyone.
=======================================================================
=========== OXFORD TEXT ARCHIVE SHORTLIST - SEPTEMBER 1987 ==================
This list contains author and title information only for all texts currently
held in the Oxford Text Archive. It also contains information about the
their holdings supplied by the following other Archives:-
Ca Literary & Linguistic Computing Centre, University of Cambridge
Ph Center for Computer Analysis of Texts, University of Pennsylvania
Pi Ist. di Linguistica Computazionale, Universita di Pisa
Pr Humanities Research Center, Brigham Young University
--LEGEND---------------------------------------------------------------
Each entry has a prefix indicating :-
The "lead site" code for the text:-
This two character code indicates the site from which the text
originated or where it is held. Full details of addresses etc.
for each site code used are given at the end of the list of texts.
The availability of the text at Oxford:-
U = generally available on receipt of signed user declaration;
A = prior written consent of depositor needed; contact Oxford
X = not available outside Oxford
<blank> = Address all enquiries direct to the Archive concerned
The TOMES identifier of the text. This number should be used to identify
the text on order forms etc.
The size of the text:-
A = less than half a Megabyte (will probably fit on one diskette)
B = up to a Megabyte C = up to 2 Megabytes
D = up to 5 Megabytes E = greater than 5 Megabytes
<blank> = information not available
The following special characters are used for accents etc.:-
^ supershift (so ^a is ae ligature) * acute accent
\ cedilla { grave ~ bar over ] umlaut
--ORDER PROCEDURE-------------------------------------------------------
** NB This applies to texts ordered from Oxford only***
To order copies of U category texts you must send :-
(a) A signed completed order form
(b) Payment in advance
To order copies of A category texts you must also provide :-
(c) Written authorisation from the depositor of the text
Order forms are available from Oxford on request, as are Depositor
addresses (for A category texts).
Electronic mail is the quickest way of reaching us:
archive @ uk.ac.ox.vax (JANET)
archive%vax.ox.ac.uk @ ukacrl.earn (BITNET)
archive%vax.ox.ac.uk @ ucl.cs.edu (EDU)
(but we do NOT normally issue texts over networks)
Telephone (less reliable):-
+44 (865) 273238 [direct] or 273200 [switchboard]
Postal address (slow but sure):
Oxford Text Archive
Oxford University Computing Service
13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN
Current charges:-
* 5 pounds per text plus 15 pounds media and packing (Europe) or 25
pounds (outside Europe) for each tape or diskette needed to complete
an order
* PAYMENT MUST BE MADE IN ADVANCE AND WE CANNOT ISSUE INVOICES!
* Payments not made in sterling attract a surcharge of 10 pounds.
* All payments should be made to the account of OXFORD UNIVERSITY
COMPUTING SERVICE.
---SHORTLIST------------------------------------------------------------
TOMES Database Snapshot taken on 26 Aug 1987
===Arabic=======================================
Collections, corpora &c
Ox U 413 C | Collection of pre-Islamic verse
Ox U 415 A | Early Arabic epistles
Ox U 420 A | Modern Arabic prose samples
Hamadhani
Ox U 416 A | Poems
===Armenian=======================================
Bible
Ph 1109 A | Selected books, ed Stone
===Coptic=======================================
Collections, corpora &c
Ph 1117 A | Nag Hammadi Library
Bible
Ph 1108 A | Pauline Corpus (ed Horner)
Ph 1107 A | Psalms (ed Budge)
===Dutch=======================================
Anonymous
Ca 905 A | Floris ende Blancefloer
Collections, corpora &c
Ca 907 B | Die Haager Liederhandschrift
Le X 424 E | Eindhoven corpus of contemporary Dutch
Ca 906 A | Liederen en Gedichten uit het Gruuthuse-Handschrift
Ca 909 A | Van Vrouwen ende van Minne: Middelnederlandse gedichte
Hadewijch
Ca 831 A | 13th century mystic poems (ed. S.J. van Mierlo)
Vondel, Joost van den
Ca 910 C | Collected works
===English=======================================
Anonymous
Ox U 535 A | Alliterative Morte Arthure
Ox U 817 B | Anglo Saxon Chronicle (selections)
Ox U 586 D | Anglo Saxon Poetic Records (ed Krapp & Dobbie)
Ox U 814 A | Apollonius of Tyre (ed Goolden)
Ox U 1 A | Arden of Faversham
Ox U 816 A | Blickling homilies 7 8 and 19 (ed Morris)
Ox U 36 A | Cursor mundi (Edinburgh ms)
Ca 916 D | Domesday Book and its Satellites (parts)
Ox U 664 A | Edmund Ironside
Ox A 557 A | Englands Helicon
Ca U 53 A | Erkenwald
Ox U 3 A | Famous victories of Henry V
Ca 935 C | Floris and Blauncheflur
Ox U 9 A | King Leir and his daughters
Ox U 33 A | Lenten sermons from MS BM Harley 2276
Ox U 658 A | Lyfe of Ipomydon (ed Ikegami)
Ox U 170 B | Medi^aval devotional prose (mss in the Katherine group)
Ca 929 A | Northern Homilies Cycle (Eustace, Oswald and Alexis legends)
Ox U 815 A | Orosius' Histories (ed Sweet)
Ox A 109 A | Owl and the nightingale
Ox A 581 A | Pearl (ed Gordon)
Ox A 1047 A | Peirce the Ploughmans Crede (ed Skeat)
Ox U 10 A | Pricke of conscience (ed Morris)
Ox U 279 A | Rauf Gilyear
Ox U 62 A | Sir Gawayne and the grene knyght
Ox U 11 A | Sir Thomas More
Ox A 22 A | Speculum vit^a (BL Add 33995, ed Robinson)
Ox U 813 A | St Augustine's soliloquies (ed Endter)
Ox U 4 A | Taming of a shrew
Ox U 290 A | The Asloan ms
Ox U 403 A | The Bannatyre ms
Ox U 414 A | The Maitland folio
Ox U 595 A | The Tibetan book of the dead (translations)
Ox U 283 A | The chapman and myllar prints
Ox U 388 A | The complaynt of Scotland
Ox U 7 A | Thomas of Woodstock
Ox U 5 B | Troublesome reign of King John
Ox A 697 B | Wycliffite sermons (further selections)
Ox A 174 B | Wycliffite sermons (17 14th century sermons)
Collections, corpora &c
Ox U 159 C | American news stories
Ox A 545 D | Anthology of 14 Canadian poets (ed Djwa)
Ox X 685 E | Articles from the New Scientist (2.12.82-12.5.83)
Ox U 401 B | Augustan prose sample
Pr 1068 A | BYU corpus of US Constitutional writings
Ox A 646 A | Berkshire Probate Inventories (ed C.R.J. Currie)
Ox U 643 D | Birkbeck spelling error corpus
Ox A 160 C | British Columbian Indian myths
Be A 402 D | Brown corpus of present day American English
Ox U 161 B | Civil War polemic (34 3000-word samples )
Ox U 163 E | Complete corpus of Old English (the Toronto D.O.E. Corpus)
Ox U 164 C | Dedications etc. transcribed by Ralph Crane
Ox U 668 D | Kucera-Francis wordlist (frequency countof text 402)
Be A 167 E | Lancaster-Oslo-Bergen corpus of modern English (tagged, horizon
Ox U 173 B | Lexis (samples of spoken English)
Be A 168 D | London-Lund corpus of spoken English
Lv A 555 E | Louvain corpus of modern English drama
Be A 1046 B | Melbourne-Surrey Corpus of Australian English
Ca 920 A | Methodist Letters (18th Century)
Ox A 171 E | Michigan Early Modern English materials
Ox U 172 D | Modern prose (15 2000-word samples)
Ox U 701 B | Older Scottish Texts (The Edinburgh DOST Corpus)
Ox U 1024 B | Records of Early English Drama (Selections)
Ox U 166 E | Warwick corpus of written materials
Dictionaries, &c
Ox U 155 E | Collins English dictionary
Ox U 571 D | English pronouncing dictionary (Daniel Jones)
Ox U 1054 E | MRC Psycholinguistic database (Expanded SOED entries)
Ox U 683 A | Oxford advanced learner's dictionary (parsed and tagged version
Ox U 710 D | Oxford advanced learner's dictionary (expanded "Computer Usable
Ox U 667 D | Oxford advanced learner's dictionary (untagged version)
Ox U 154 E | Oxford advanced learner's dictionary (ed A.S. Hornby)
Ox U 592 C | Oxford dictionary of music
Ox U 398 D | Oxford dictionary of quotations
Ox U 288 D | Oxford dictionary of current idiomatic English
Ox U 157 D | Shorter Oxford dictionary (headwords only)
Ox U 400 B | Thorndike-Lorge magazine count
Ox X 559 E | Webster's 7th international dictionary (MARC format)
Akenside, Mark
Ox U 392 A | Pleasures of the imagination
Ashford, Daisy
Ox A 553 A | The young visiters
Austen, Jane
Ca A 12 C | Emma
Ox U 13 C | Letters (ed R.W. Chapman)
Ca A 14 B | Northanger Abbey & Persuasion
Ox U 16 B | Pride and prejudice
Ox U 18 B | Sense and sensibility
Austen, Jane (et al)
Ox U 17 B | Sanditon
Ayckbourn, Alan
Ox U 425 A | Relatively speaking
Barbour, John
Ox U 218 A | The Brus
Barnes, Barnabe
Ox U 19 A | Sonnets
Barnes, Peter
Ox U 426 A | The ruling class
Barstow, Stan
Ox A 490 B | A kind of loving
Baxter, David
Ox U 427 A | Will somebody please say something
Beaumont, Francis
Ox A 611 A | The knight of the burning pestle
Beckett, Samuel
Ox A 1058 A | Company
Ox U 20 A | Ping & Lessness
Ox U 23 A | Waiting for Godot
Bennett, Alan
Ox U 428 A | Getting on
Bermange, Barry
Ox U 429 A | Oldenberg
Berryman, John
Ox U 24 A | Dream songs
Berton, Pierre
Ox X 684 B | Settling the West 1896-1914: The promised land
Bible
Ph U 1060 E | King James Authorised Version
Ph U 1061 E | Revised Standard Version
Bowen, John
Ox U 430 A | After the rain
Brennan, Michael
Ox A 6 A | The war in Clare 1911-1921
Brenton, Howard
Ox U 431 A | Christie in love
Bruce, Michael
Ox U 28 A | Collected poems
Bullokar, John
Ox U 25 A | Three pamphlets on grammar
Byrne, John
Ox A 543 A | Still life
Ox A 541 A | The slab boys
Ox A 542 A | Threads
Cameron K.C. et al
Ox A 662 A | The computer and modern language studies
Campbell, Ken
Ox U 466 A | Anything you say will be twisted
Capgrave, John
Ox A 536 A | Solace of pilgrimes
Ox A 162 A | The life of St. Norbert
Carlyle, Thomas
Ox U 26 B | 200 selected prose samples
Ox A 549 A | English and other critical essays
Carroll, Lewis
Ox U 27 B | Alice in Wonderland
Cather, Willa
Ox U 626 A | The professor's house
Chapman, George
Ox A 624 A | The revenge of Bussy d'Ambois
Chaucer, Geoffrey
Ox U 29 C | Canterbury Tales (ed Robinson)
Ox X 704 B | Canterbury tales (ed N.F. Blake)
Cheatle, Syd
Ox U 432 A | Straight up
Chesterfield, Earl of
Ox U 30 A | The case of the Hanover forces in England
Chettle, Henry
Ox U 678 A | Kind heart's dream
Ox U 675 A | The card of fancy
Clough, Arthur Hugh
Ox A 1045 A | Collected verse
Coggan, Jean
Ox A 251 A | Through the day with Jesus
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor
Ox A 538 B | Notebooks (ed Coburn) vols 1-3
Ox U 31 A | Poetical works (ed E.H. Coleridge)
Collins, Wilkie
Ox A 1056 B | The woman in white
Collins, William
Ox U 32 A | Odes & Eclogues
Communist Affairs
Ox A 492 C | Vol 1 Num 1 Jan 1982
Conrad, Joseph
Ox U 627 A | Lord Jim
Cooper, Giles
Ox U 34 A | Everything in the garden
Ox U 433 A | Happy family
Cooper, Thomas
Ox A 551 A | The life of Thomas Cooper
Cowper, William
Ox U 35 A | The task
Cregan, David
Ox U 434 A | The houses by the green
Daniel, Samuel
Ox U 37 A | Rosamund
Darwin, Charles
Ca 914 E | Collected Letters of Charles Darwin
Ox U 632 A | Sketch of 1842
Davies, Robertson
Ox A 661 A | A voice from the attic
Davies, Sir John
Ox U 556 A | A discovery of the true causes why Ireland was never subdued (e
Defoe, Daniel
Ox U 537 A | Moll Flanders
Ox A 1020 B | Robinson Crusoe
Dekker, Thomas
Ox U 39 A | Match mee in London
Ox A 619 A | The honest whore (part 2)
Ox U 38 A | Witch of Edmonton
Dell, Jack Holton
Ox U 467 A | The duel
Devanny, Jean
Ox A 534 A | The butcher's shop
Dickens, Charles
Ox U 40 A | A Christmas carol
Pr 1067 B | A tale of two cities
Ox A 657 B | Edwin Drood
Ox A 1055 B | Great expectations
Ca 915 A | Oliver Twist
Disraeli, Benjamin
Ox A 550 A | Lord George Bentinck: a political biography
Donne, John
Ox U 1029 A | Anatomie of the world: the first anniversary
Ox A 1052 A | Poems (1633)
Ox U 43 A | Songs and sonnets (part)
Dostoevski, F. (translations)
Ox U 44 A | Notes from underground
Dryden, John
Ox U 42 A | Absalom and Achitophel
Dryden, Ken
Ox U 596 B | The game
Du Bartas, G. de S. (translations)
Ox A 651 A | Divine weeks and works (vol. 2)
Du Maurier, Daphne
Ox A 498 B | Rebecca
Dudley, Fourth Lord North
Ca 918 A | Collected Poems
Dudley, Third Lord North
Ca 917 A | Collected Poems
Duffy, Maureen
Ox U 468 A | Rites
Dylan, Bob
Ox U 45 A | Published songs 1962-9
Ox A 491 A | Tarantula
Edgeworth, Roger
Ox A 244 A | Sermons very fruitful godly and learned (1557)
Eliot, George
Ca A 48 D | Daniel Deronda
Ca A 47 D | Middlemarch
Ca U 46 A | Silas Marner
Eliot, Thomas Stearns
Ca A 49 D | Complete poems and plays
Ox U 50 A | Poems 1909-35
England, Barry
Ox U 435 A | Conduct unbecoming
Erasmus (translations)
Ox U 51 A | De immensa Dei misericordia (tr Hervet)
Fielding, Henry
Ox U 54 C | Joseph Andrews
Ox U 55 C | Miscellanies
Ox U 56 A | Shamela
Fitzgerald, F. Scott
Ox U 57 B | The great Gatsby
Fleming, Ian
Ox A 507 A | Dr No
Fletcher, John
Ox U 802 A | Demetrius and Enanthe
Ox U 1021 A | Monsieur Thomas
Ox U 688 A | The chances
Ox A 605 A | The faire maide of the inne
Ox U 689 A | The island princess
Ox U 691 A | The loyal subject
Ox A 623 A | The tragedy of Bonduca
Ox U 690 A | The woman's prize
Ox U 1022 A | Tragedy of Valentinian
Fletcher, John (et al)
Ox U 58 A | Sir John Van Olden Barnavelt
Ford, John
Ox A 639 A | 'Tis pitty shee's a whore
Frisby, Terence
Ox U 436 A | There's a girl in my soup
Frost, Robert
Ox U 59 A | Selected verse
Fry, Christopher
Ox U 520 A | A phoenix too frequent
Ox U 522 A | The lady's not for burning
Ox U 521 A | Thor with angels
Frye, Northrop
Ox A 660 A | The bush garden
Ox X 597 B | The educated imagination
Galt, John
Ox A 177 A | Ringan Gilhaize
Gaskell, Elizabeth
Ox U 61 A | Selected contributions to Frasers
Gill, Peter
Ox U 469 A | Over gardens out
Gower, John
Ca U 63 A | Confessio amantis
Graves, Robert
Ca 928 B | Claudius the God
Ca U 64 B | Complete poems
Ca 927 B | I, Claudius
Gray, Simon
Ox U 437 A | Butley
Gray, Thomas
Ox U 65 A | Complete poems
Greene, Graham
Ox A 489 A | Brighton rock
Greene, Robert
Ox U 681 A | A quip for an upstart courtier
Ox U 674 A | Cony-catching (parts 1 & 2)
Ox U 676 A | Frier Bacon and Frier Bungay
Ox U 66 C | Proverbs
Ox U 682 A | Repentance
Ox U 665 A | Tarlton's newes out of purgatorie
Ox U 677 A | The Scottish history of James the fourth
Ox U 672 A | The black book's messenger
Ox U 673 A | The black dog of Newgate
Ox U 671 A | The comical history of Alphonsus
Ox U 679 A | The history of Orlando furioso
Griffin, James
Ox A 654 A | Well-being: its meaning, measurement and moral importance
Guevara, Antonio (translations)
Ox U 91 B | The golden book of Marcus Aurelius (tr J. Bourchier, Lord Bern
Hampton, Christopher
Ox U 438 A | The philanthropist
Hansford-Johnson, Pamela
Ox A 531 A | Night and silence, who is here
Hardy, Thomas
Ox U 67 C | Far from the madding crowd
Ox A 539 B | Jude the obscure
Ox U 68 B | Tess of the D'Urbervilles
Hare, David
Ox U 470 A | Slag
Harries, Richard
Ox A 252 A | Turning to prayer
Hauser, Arnold
Pr 1069 D | Sociology of art
Haworth, Don
Ox U 471 A | A hearts and minds job
Hawthorn, Nathaniel
Ox U 69 A | Selections
Hay, Gilbert
Ox U 220 A | The buke of the law of armys; The buke of knychthode
Hearst, Pattie
Ox U 70 A | Diaries
Henryson, Robert
Ox U 243 A | Collected works
Hervey, Thomas
Ox U 71 A | Letter to Sir Thomas Hanmer
Hesse, Hermann (translations)
Ox U 393 A | Steppenwolf
Heywood, Thomas
Ox A 635 A | A woman kilde with kindnesse
Hill, Susan
Ox A 510 A | Gentleman and ladies
Hockey, Susan
Ox A 156 A | A guide to computer applications in the humanities
Hogg, James
Ox A 588 A | The three perils of man
Hopkins, Gerard Manley
Ox U 73 A | Complete verse
Hopkins, John
Ox U 472 A | Find your way home
Housman, A.E.
Ox U 1034 A | A Shropshire lad
Howarth, Donald
Ox U 473 A | Three months gone
Johnson, Samuel
Ox A 76 B | Journey to the Western Isles
Ox U 75 A | London & The vanity of human wishes
Ox U 77 A | Rasselas Prince of Abissinia
Jonson, Ben
Ox U 78 A | Pleasure reconcil'd to vertue (a masque)
Ox A 616 A | Volpone
Joyce, James
Ox U 79 A | Dubliners
Ox U 1030 A | Extract from 'Work in Progress'
Ox U 80 A | Portrait of the artist
Julian of Norwich
Ox U 700 B | A revelation of divine love
Kant, Immanuel (translations)
Ox A 289 B | Critique of pure reason
Keats, John
Ox U 81 C | Poetical works (ed J. Stillinger)
Khapa, Tsong (translations)
Ox X 652 A | The essence of true eloquence (translations)
King, Martin Luther
Ox A 532 A | Stride for freedom
Kydd, Thomas
Ox U 83 A | Cornelia
Ox U 82 A | Spanish tragedie
Laffan, Kevin
Ox U 439 A | It's a two-foot-six-inches-above-the-ground world
Langland, William
Ox A 500 A | The vision of Piers Plowman (ed Schmidt)
Larson, Clinton F.
Pr 1070 C | Collected works
Lawrence, David Herbert
Ox U 84 A | St Mawr
Layamon
Ox U 85 B | Brut (two mss)
Le Carre*, John
Ox A 86 A | The spy who came in from the cold
Lessing, Doris
Ox U 87 A | Each his own wilderness
Ox U 89 A | Memoirs of a survivor
Ox U 88 A | Summer before the dark
Lowell, Robert
Ox U 90 A | Notebook
Luke, Peter
Ox U 474 A | Hadrian VII
Malamud, Bernard
Ox A 52 A | The assistant
Mansfield, Katherine
Ca U 92 A | Selected short stories
Manwaring
Ox U 93 A | Seaman's glossary
Marcus, Franc
Ox U 441 A | Mrs Mouse are you within?
Marlowe, Christopher
Ox U 94 B | Dramatic works
Ox A 615 A | Tamburlaine (part 2)
Marston, John
Ox A 629 A | The Dutch courtezan
Marvell, Andrew
Ox U 95 A | Miscellaneous poems
Massinger, Philip
Ox A 603 A | A new way to pay old debts
Maugham, Robert
Ox U 475 A | Enemy
Maugham, Robin
Ox U 442 A | The servant
McGrath, John
Ox U 440 A | Events while guarding the Bofors gun
Medwall, Henry
Ox U 1032 A | Nature
Melville, Herman
Ox U 96 C | Moby Dick
Ox U 628 A | Moby Dick (Signet ed)
Mercer, David
Ox U 476 A | Belcher's luck
Middleton, Thomas
Ox U 97 B | A game at chess (two mss)
Ox U 584 A | Newes from Persia and Poland touching Sir Robert Sherley...
Ox U 15 A | Song in several parts
Ox U 583 A | The black book
Ox U 585 A | The ghost of Lucrece
Ox A 642 A | The revenger's trag^adie
Ox U 98 A | The witch
Millar, Ronald
Ox U 443 A | Abelard and Heloise
Milner, Roger
Ox U 444 A | How's the world treating you?
Milton, John
Ox A 1027 A | English poems
Ox U 102 A | Il penseroso
Ox U 100 B | Paradise lost
Ox U 101 A | Samson agonistes
Monaco, James
Ox U 705 C | The Connoisseur's Guide to the Movies (1985)
Mortimer, John
Ox U 477 A | A voyage around my father
Moss, Rose
Ox A 103 B | The terrorist
Munday, Anthony
Ox A 630 A | The book of John a} Kent & John a} Cumber
Murdoch, Iris
Ox A 509 B | The bell
Nashe, Thomas
Ox U 680 A | Pierce pennyless
Ox U 105 A | Summer's last will and testament
Nassyngton, William of
Ox U 653 A | The bande of louynge
Nichols, Peter
Ox U 445 A | A day in the death of Joe Egg
Norman, Frank
Ox U 478 A | Inside out
O'Casey, Sean
Ox U 107 A | Juno and the paycock
Ox U 108 A | Shadow of a gunman
Ox U 106 A | The plough and the stars
O'Malley, Ernie
Ox A 213 A | Army without banners
Ox A 574 B | The singing flame
O'Neill, Michael
Ox U 446 A | The bosom of the family
Orton, Joe
Ox U 447 A | What the butler saw
Orwell, George
Ox A 1097 A | 1984
Osborne, John
Ox U 448 A | West of Suez
Parfit, Derek
Ox X 250 B | Reasons and persons
Paston family
Ox A 395 C | Letters and papers of the 15th century (ed N. Davies), vol 1 on
Patten, Brian
Ox U 1042 A | Selected verse
Peel, Sir Robert
Ox A 552 A | Memoirs, part 1
Pinner, David
Ox U 449 A | Dickon
Pinter, Harold
Ox U 450 A | Old times
Plath, Sylvia
Ox U 111 A | Collected poems
Ox U 110 A | The bell jar
Pope, Alexander
Ox A 580 A | Rape of the lock
Pound, Ezra
Ox U 113 B | Cantos
Ox U 112 A | Guide to Kulchur
Powell, Antony
Ox A 508 A | Acceptance world
Pulman, Jack
Ox U 479 A | The happy apple
Ramsley, Peter
Ox U 480 A | Disabled
Randolph, Thomas
Ox U 114 A | Aristippus
Ox U 116 A | Pr^aludium
Ox U 115 A | The conceited pedler
Ox U 117 A | The drinking academy
Ox U 118 A | The fary knight
Rattigan, Terence
Ox U 451 A | A bequest to the nation
Ross, Kenneth
Ox U 452 A | Mr Kilt and the great I am
Rossetti, Dante Gabriel
Ox A 217 B | Works, ed W.M. Rossetti
Rowley, William
Ox A 608 A | All's lost by lust
Saunders, James
Ox U 481 A | Neighbours
Schumacher, E.F.
Ox A 399 A | Small is beautiful
Scott, Walter
Ox U 74 A | Castle Dangerous
Ox U 165 A | Selected poems
Ox U 60 A | The antiquary
Scruton, Roger
Ox A 533 C | Fortnight's anger
Selbourne, David
Ox U 453 A | The damned
Shaffer, Anthony
Ox U 454 A | Sleuth
Shaffer, Peter
Ox U 455 A | Black comedy
Shakespeare, William
Ox U 133 A | 1 Henry IV (Q1)
Ox U 134 A | 2 Henry IV (Q1)
Ox U 125 A | A midsummer nights dream (Q1)
Ox A 119 D | Complete works (first folio)
Ox U 2 A | Contention of York & Lancaster [Henry VI part 2] (Q1)
Ox U 135 A | Edward III (Q1)
Ox U 1064 A | Hamlet (Q1)
Ox U 121 A | Hamlet (Q2)
Ox U 169 A | Julius Caesar (Arden ed)
Ox U 123 A | King Lear (Q1)
Ox U 122 A | Loves labours lost (Q1)
Ox U 126 A | Merchant of Venice (Q1)
Ox U 1057 A | Merry wives of Windsor (Q1)
Ox U 120 A | Much ado about nothing (Q1)
Ox U 124 A | Othello (Q1)
Ox U 127 A | Pericles (Q1)
Ox A 138 A | Poems
Ox U 129 A | Richard II (Q1)
Ox U 130 A | Richard III (Q1)
Ox U 128 A | Romeo and Juliet (Q2)
Ox U 137 A | Sonnets
Ox A 659 C | The tempest (various editions)
Ox U 131 A | Titus Andronicus (Q1)
Ox U 132 A | Troilus and Cressida (Q1)
Ox U 8 A | True tragedie of Richard Duke of York [Henry VI part 3] (Q1)
Ox U 136 A | Two noble kinsmen (Q1)
Shakespeare, William (et al)
Ox A 529 A | The passionate pilgrim
Shaw, Robert
Ox U 456 A | Cato street
Shelley, Percy Bysshe
Ox U 139 A | Prometheus unbound
Shirley, Thomas
Ox A 601 A | The cardinal
Simpson, N.F.
Ox U 457 A | The cresta run
Speight, Johny
Ox U 458 A | If there weren't any blacks, you'd have to invent them
Spencer, Colin
Ox U 482 A | Spitting image
Spender, Stephen
Ox A 141 A | Collected poems
Ox A 142 A | The generous days
Spenser, Edmund
Ca A 144 D | Faerie Queene
Ca U 143 A | Minor poems
Spurling, John
Ox U 483 A | Macrune's Guevara
Sterne, Laurence
Ox A 1048 C | Tristram Shandy
Stoppard, Tom
Ox U 459 A | Jumpers
Storey, David
Ox U 484 A | Home
Ox A 72 A | This sporting life
Taylor, A.J.P.
Ox A 158 C | English History 1914-1945
Taylor, Cecil
Ox U 460 A | Bread and butter
Terson, Peter
Ox U 485 A | Spring-heeled Jack
Thomson, James
Ox A 21 A | The seasons
Tolkien, J.R.R.
Pr 1071 B | The hobbit
Pr 1072 B | The lord of the rings
Tourneur, Cyril
Ox A 600 A | The atheist's tragedy
Ox U 145 A | The revenger's tragedy
Ustinov, Peter
Ox U 461 A | The unknown soldier and his wife
Wager, William
Ox U 1033 A | Enough is as good as a feast
Ox U 1031 A | The longer thou livest the more fool thou art
Wain, John
Ox A 530 A | Hurry on down
Waugh, Evelyn
Ox A 146 B | Brideshead revisited
Webster, John
Ox A 612 A | A speedie poste, with certaine new letters
Ox A 610 A | Miscellania
Ox A 607 A | The devil's law-case
Ox A 606 A | The merchant's handmaide ...
Ox A 631 A | The tragedy of the dutchesse of Malfy
Ox A 613 A | The valiant Scot
Ox A 618 A | The white divel
Webster, John (et al)
Ox A 602 A | A cure for a cuckold
Ox A 621 A | Anything for a quiet life
Ox A 599 A | Appius and Virginia
Ox A 637 A | North-ward hoe
Ox A 620 A | The famous history of Sir Thomas Wyat
Ox A 634 A | The induction to the malcontent ...
Ox A 617 A | West-ward hoe
Welburn, Vivienne
Ox U 462 A | Johnny so long
Wesker, Arnold
Ox U 463 A | The friends
Whitehead, E.A.
Ox U 464 A | The foursome
Wilkins, George
Ox U 666 A | Pericles Prince of Tyre (ed Bullough)
Ox U 663 A | The miseries of an enforced marriage
Wilson, R.A.
Ox A 594 A | The birth of language
Woolf, Virginia
Ca U 147 A | A haunted house, and other stories
Ox U 149 A | Mrs Dalloway
Ox U 148 A | The waves
Ox U 150 A | To the lighthouse
Wordsworth, William
Ox U 151 A | Lyrical ballads
Wyatt, Thomas
Ca U 152 A | Poetical works
Wycherley
Ox A 1049 A | The country wife
Wymark, Olwen
Ox U 465 A | Stay where you are
Yeats, William Butler
Ox U 153 C | Complete poems
Ox U 1023 A | Essays and introductions
Zimmerman, Carle C.
Ox X 591 A | Siam: Rural Economic Survey, 1930-31
===Finnish=======================================
Anonymous
Pr 1074 C | Kalevala (ed E. Lnnrot)
===French=======================================
Anonymous
Ox U 175 A | Aliscans
Ca A 893 B | La chanson de Roland (ed Whitehead, 1947)
Ox A 587 A | Le roman de Tristan (tome 3)
Ox A 187 A | Li fet des Romains I
Ox A 404 A | Li quatre livre des Reis
Collections, corpora &c
Ox U 199 C | 18th century correspondence
Ox A 191 B | Echantillon du que*becois parle*
Pr 1066 B | English-French translation database
Ox U 569 A | Modern business correspondence
Ox U 176 A | Old French corpus
Ox A 590 A | Sample of Nova Scotian Acadian French
Balzac, Honore* de
Ox A 572 B | La peau de chagrin
Bayle, Pierre
Ca 938 A | Avis aux Re*fugie*s
Ca 939 A | Correspondence
Beckett, Samuel (translations)
Ox A 604 A | En attendant Godot
Bernanos
Ox U 178 A | M. Ouine
Bible
Ox A 570 A | The gospels (part)
Calvin, Jean
Ca 940 A | Supplementa Calviniana, Vol. II (6 sermons)
Ce*line, P.
Ox U 179 A | Voyage au bout de la nuit
Chartier, Alain
Ca 941 B | Poetical works
Chawaf, Chantal
Ox A 1044 A | La valle*e incarnate
Ox A 1050 A | Landes
Ox A 1051 A | Maternite*
Chre*tien de Troyes
Ox A 180 A | Cliges
Ox A 181 A | Erec
Ox A 182 A | Lancelot
Ox A 183 A | Perceval
Ox A 184 A | Ywain
Constant, Benjamin
Ca U 560 A | Adolphe
Ca A 185 B | Lettres
Cre*billon, C.P.J. (fils)
Ox A 614 A | La nuit et le moment
Ox A 622 A | Le hasard du coin de feu
Ox U 1104 A | Le sopha
Ox A 609 A | Les e*garements du coeur et de l'esprit
Froissart, Jean
Ox A 698 B | Chronicles (Ms Reg. Lat. 869)
Ca 900 A | Chronicles (selections)
Gide, Andre*
Ox U 186 A | L'Immoraliste
Guillaume de Lorris
Ca 898 B | Le Roman de la Rose
Guyotat, Pierre
Ox A 573 A | E*den E*den E*den
Jean de Howden
Ca 899 A | Li rossignos
Mallarme*, S.
Ca 897 D | Poetical works
Malraux, Andre*
Ox U 189 A | La tentation de l'occident
Ox U 190 A | La voie royale
Ox U 188 A | Les Conque*rants
Marguerite de Navarre
Ox U 499 C | L'Heptameron
Maupassant, Guy de
Ox A 215 A | Pierre et Jean
Montaigne, Michel Eyquem de
Ox U 1059 C | Les essais (ed. Villey)
Nerval, Ge*rard de
Ca 896 A | Aure*lia
Orle*ans, Charles d'
Pr 1075 C | Poe*sies completes
Pre*vost, Abbe*
Ox A 41 A | Manon Lescaut
Proust, Marcel
Na X 405 E | A la recherche du temps perdu
Queneau, Raymond
Na X 192 A | Exercises de style
Na X 193 A | Pierrot mon ami
Rabelais, Francois
Ca 895 E | Complete works
Rene* d'Anjou
Ca 894 A | Livre du cuer d'amours espris
Rimbaud, Arthur
Ox U 811 A | Collected verse
Robbe-Grillet, Alain
Ox U 194 A | La jalousie
Sartre, Jean-Paul
Ox U 195 A | La nause*e
Schwob, Maurice
Pr 1076 B | Writings on the Dreyfus Affair
Stendhal
Na X 196 B | La chartreuse de Parme
Na X 197 B | Le rouge et le noir
Na X 198 B | Lucien Leuwen
Vaugelas, Claude Favre de
Ox U 253 B | Remarques sur la langue franc\oise
===Fufulde=======================================
Ba, A.H.
Ox U 494 A | Kaidara
Lacroix, P.F.
Ox U 493 A | Poe*sie peule de l'Adamawa
Sow, A.I.
Ox U 496 A | Contes et fables des veille*es
Ox U 495 A | La femme, la vache, la foi
===Gaelic=======================================
Anonymous
Ox A 625 A | Seanmenta chinge uladh
A'Kempis, Thomas (translations)
Ox A 1036 B | Imitatio Christi
Conrad, Joseph (tr Mac Grianna)
Ox U 1174 A | Amy Foster
Ox U 1173 A | Seidea*n Bruithne (Typhoon)
Mac Grianna, Seosamh
Ox A 214 A | Pa*draic O* Conaire agus aist^m* eile
Ox U 1172 A | Pa*draic O* Conaire agus aist^m* eile (1936 ed)
O* Grianna, Se*amus
Ox U 1176 A | An Teach na*r To*gadh
Ox A 1178 A | Caislea*in O*ir
Ox U 1175 A | Michea*l Ruadh
Ox A 1177 A | Sce*al U*r agus Sean-Sce*al
===German=======================================
Anonymous
Ca 892 B | Aviso (newspaper, 1609)
Ox U 202 B | Das Nibelungenlied
Ca 880 A | Das St Trudperter Hohe Lied
Ca 879 B | Daz Anegenge
Ca 890 B | Die Vorauer Bu]cher Moses
Ca 876 B | Die altdeutsche Exodus
Ca 887 A | Graf Rudolf
Ca 883 B | Kudrun
Ca 875 C | Relation oder Zeitung (newspaper, 1609)
Ca 884 B | Strassburger Alexander
Ox U 210 A | Tundalus der Ritter
Collections, corpora &c
Ca 882 C | Die religio]sen Dichtungen des 11 und 12 Jh.s
Ca 885 B | Early German sermons
Ca 908 A | Lieder der Berliner Hs Germ fol 992
Mn X 207 D | Mannheimer Korpus
Pr 1078 B | Pfeffer corpus of spoken German
Ca 874 C | Sermons of the 12, 13 and 14 centuries
Ca 881 B | Speculum ecclesi^a: Early Middle High German sermons
Dictionaries, &c
Ox A 246 C | Lexikon zur Wortbildung Morpheminventar A-Z
Ox U 818 D | Pons German-French dictionary (part)
Beckett, Samuel (translations)
Ox A 598 A | Warten auf Godot
Benn, Gottfried
Ox U 200 C | Works (ed Lyon)
Bo]hme, Jacob
Ca 891 B | Aurora
Brecht, Berthold
Pr 1079 D | Poetic works
Celan, Paul
Pr 1080 C | Gessamelte werke
Ox U 201 A | Selected poems
Eckartbote
Ox A 567 C | Selections
Eilhart von Oberge
Ca 889 B | Tristrant
Fleck, Konrad
Ca 888 B | Flore und Blanscheflur
Goethe, Wolfgang von
Pr 1081 C | Complete works (Hamburg ed)
Ox U 203 B | Faust
Grimm, W. and J.
Ox U 204 A | Ma]rchen (selected)
Hartmann von Aue
Ox U 211 A | Der arme Heinrich
Hermann von Sachsenheim
Ca 886 A | Der Spiegel
Ca 877 B | Eraclius
Hofmannsthals, Hugo von
Pr 1082 C | Poetic works
Kafka, Franz
Pr 1084 B | Der process (historical critical ed)
Ox U 205 A | In der Strafkolonie
Kempowski, Walter
Pr 1083 E | Deutschen chronik
Mann, Thomas
Ox U 206 A | Tonio Kro]ger
Meyer, Conrad
Pr 1085 C | Poetic works
Meyer, Conrad F.
Ox U 812 A | Die Hochzeit des Mo]nchs
Ox U 208 A | Lyric poems
Notker III of St Gall
Ca 878 C | Psalmen, nach der Wiener Handschrift
Stramm, August
Ox U 209 A | Complete poems
Wittgenstein, Ludwig
Ox X 562 A | Culture and value
Ox X 564 A | Last writings on the philosophy of psychology (part)
Ox X 563 B | Remarks on the philosophy of psychology
===Greek=======================================
Anonymous
Ls U 265 A | Homeric hymns
Ir X 316 A | Homeric hymns (TLG ed)
Collections, corpora &c
Ph 1115 A | Early Christian Materials : versions of 3 Corinthians.
Ir X 421 A | Greek anthology
Ph 1113 A | Inscriptions (Cornell)
Ph 1114 A | Inscriptions (Princeton)
Ox A 270 D | Oxyrhynchus papyri vols 11-46 (documentary papyri only)
Ox A 696 E | The Duke documentary papyri corpus
Dictionaries, &c
Ph 1112 D | Dictionary for Greek New Testament
Achilles Tatius
Ir X 386 A | Collected works
Aeschylus
Ir X 418 B | Collected works
Ls U 212 B | Five plays
Apollonius Rhodius
Ls U 221 A | Argonautica, 3
Ir X 486 A | Collected works
Apostolic Fathers
Ls U 222 A | Works (ed Lake)
Aratus
Ir X 487 A | Collected works
Ls U 223 A | Ph^anomena
Archytas
Ox U 224 A | Doubling the cube
Aristarchus of Samos
Ox U 225 A | On sizes and distances of the Sun and Moon
Aristophanes
Ox U 227 A | Acharnians
Ox U 232 A | Birds
Ox U 229 A | Clouds
Ir X 488 A | Collected works
Ox U 236 A | Ecclesiazous^a
Ox U 235 A | Frogs
Ox U 228 A | Knights
Ox U 233 A | Lysistrata
Ox U 231 A | Peace
Ox U 237 A | Plutus
Ox U 234 A | Thesmophoriazous^a
Ox U 230 A | Wasps
Aristotle
Ir X 226 D | Complete works
Aristoxenus of Tarentum
Ox U 238 A | Elementa Harmonica
Asterius Amasenus
Ox A 648 A | Selected homilies (ed Datema)
Asterius Sophista
Ox A 647 A | Commentarii in Psalmos (ed Richard)
Autolycus of Putane
Ox U 219 A | De Sph^ara & De Ortibus
Bible
Ph A 708 D | Greek Jewish Scriptures (ed Rahlfs)
Ph U 245 B | Morphologically analysed Pentateuch (Septuagint version)
Ph U 1101 E | Morphologically tagged Greek Jewish Scriptures (CATSS text)
Ir X 397 D | New Testament
Ir X 516 B | Septuagint (TLG text)
Ox A 540 C | Septuagint, vols 3 and 13
Ph 1106 E | Tagged Greek New Testament (ed Freibergs)
Ox U 269 A | The gospels
Callimachus
Ir X 513 A | Collected works
Chariton
Ir X 291 A | Collected works
Demosthenes
Ir X 292 A | Collected works
Diodorus Siculus
Ir X 239 D | Collected works
Diodorus Tarsensis
Ox A 644 A | Commentarii in Psalmos (selected)
Diogenes Laertius
Ir X 293 A | Collected works
Euclid
Ls U 240 D | Elements vols 1-4
Euclid (pseudo)
Ox U 241 A | Musici scriptores gr^aci
Euripides
Ir X 294 A | Collected works
Ox U 242 B | Major works
Eusebius C^asariensis
Ox A 649 A | Commentarii in Psalmos (selections)
Galen
Ir X 547 E | Complete works
Gregory of Nyssa
Ox U 255 A | De tridui spatio
Gregory the Pagurite
Ox A 1040 A | Encomium of S. Pamcratius of Taormina
Heliodorus
Ir X 295 A | Collected works
Herodas
Ir X 296 A | Collected works
Herodotus
Ir X 256 E | Complete works
Hesiod
Ir X 297 A | Collected works
Ls U 260 A | Fragments
Ls U 257 A | Opera et dies
Ls U 258 A | Scutum
Ls U 259 A | Theogonia
Hippocrates
Ox A 261 D | Complete works
Hippocrates of Chios
Ox U 262 A | Quadrature of the Lunule
Homer
Ir X 299 A | Collected works
Ls U 263 B | Iliad
Ls U 264 B | Odyssey
Isaeus
Ir X 524 A | Collected works
Ls U 266 A | Orations
Libanius
Ir X 389 A | Collected works
Longus
Ir X 390 A | Collected works
Lycophron
Ir X 394 A | Collected works
Lysias
Ox U 267 A | Speeches 12 and 24
Meliton
Ox U 268 A | Selections
Nicander
Ir X 396 A | Collected works
Origen
Ph 1116 A | Patristics
Parthenius
Ir X 412 A | Collected works
Pausanius
Ir X 417 A | Collected works
Plato
Ir X 419 B | Collected works
Ox A 271 D | Works
Plato (pseudo)
Ox U 561 A | Doubling the cube
Plutarch
Ir X 515 A | Collected works I
Ir X 544 E | Collected works II
Ox U 273 A | Moralia
Pseudo-Chrysostomus
Ox A 640 A | In adorationem venerand^a crucis
Ox A 638 A | In resurrectionem Domini (ed Aubineau)
Ox A 641 A | Two Easter homilies (ed Liebaert)
Pseudo-Evagrius
Ox A 1039 A | Life of S. Pancratius of Taormina
Pseudo-Galen
Ir X 548 A | Works
Sextus Empiricus
Ox U 248 A | Works (Loeb ed, I and III only)
Sophocles
Ox U 276 A | Antigone
Ir X 517 B | Collected works
Ls U 274 A | Electra
Ox U 278 A | Oedipus Colonus (part)
Ox U 275 A | Oedipus Tyrannus
Ox U 277 A | Philoctete
St John Damascene
Ca 851 A | Selected works
Themistocles (pseudo)
Ls U 280 A | Epistul^a
Theocritus
Ir X 518 B | Collected works
Thucydides
Ir X 281 E | Complete works
Xenophon
Ir X 519 B | Collected works
Ls U 282 C | Major works
Xenophon Ephesius
Ir X 523 A | Collected works
===Hebrew=======================================
Agnon, S.Y.
Ox U 216 A | Ha-malbush
Ox U 300 B | Hadom vekisee
Bible
Je U 1119 E | Aligned Texts of Hebrew and Greek Jewish Scriptures (CATSS data
Ph A 1111 E | Aligned Texts of Hebrew and Greek Jewish Scriptures (CATSS data
Ph U 525 C | Bibl. Heb. Stuttgartensia (Michigan-Claremont text)
Ox U 422 A | Book of Job (Targum)
Ox U 301 B | Pentateuch
Ox A 140 A | Psalms (Targum text)
Ph 1110 A | Pseudo-Jonathan (Targum)
Dickens, Charles
Ca 873 A | Oliver Twist (part)
===Icelandic=======================================
Anonymous
Co A 298 D | Mo]druvallabo*k
===Italian=======================================
Alighieri, Dante
Pi A 695 A | Il paradiso
Pi A 694 A | Il purgatorio
Pi A 693 A | L'Inferno
Ariosto, Lodovico
Pi A 1041 B | Orlando furioso
Boccaccio, Giovanni
Pi A 1120 C | Decameron
Pi A 1099 A | Il Teseide
Boiardo, Matteo
Ox U 1100 B | Orlando Innamorato
Calvino, Italo
Ox U 406 A | Seven dialect tales
Castiglione, B.
Ox A 302 A | Il Cortegiano
Della Casa, Giovanni
Ox U 407 A | Galateo
Machiavelli, Niccolo
Ox A 303 A | Discorso o dialogo intorno alla nostra lingua
Michelangelo
Ox A 304 B | Rime 1-85
Nievo
Ox U 408 A | Canzoni popolari greche
Pigna, G.B.
Ox A 1062 A | Amori
Rossetti, Gabriele
Ox A 702 C | Letters to Charles Lyell
Svevo, Italo
Ox A 1043 B | La coscienza di Zeno
Tasso, Torquato
Ca A 872 B | Gerusalemme Conquistata
Ca A 871 B | Gerusalemme Liberata
Verga, Giuseppe
Ox U 305 A | Six short stories
===Kurdish=======================================
Hark^m~, Mulla Sa'^m~d
Ox U 249 A | Sgand^m~na~n^m~ texts (ed MacKenzie)
===Latin=======================================
Anonymous
Pr 1086 B | Corpus Christianorum
Pi 1132 ? | De dubiis nominibus (ed Glorie, 1968)
Ox U 309 A | De rebus bellicis
Ox U 633 A | Gedichte des Archipoeta (ed Krefeld & Watenpuhl)
Pi 1129 ? | Itinerarium Antonini Placentini
Ls U 310 A | Sententi^a et epistul^a Hadriani
Ox A 497 A | Speculum duorum
Ox A 104 A | The book of Ilan Dav
Ca 849 A | Vit^a I & II S. Brigit^a
Ox U 568 A | Vit^a abbatum
Ox U 575 A | Vita S. Cuthberti
Collections, corpora &c
Pi 1121 ? | Anthologia Latina sive Poesis Latin^a supplementum
Pi 1122 ? | Carmina Latina epigraphica (ed Bucheler)
Pi 1123 ? | Concilium Constantinopolitanum I
Pi 1124 ? | Concilium Nic^anum I
Pi 1151 ? | Corpus juris civilis Iustinian^aum
Pi 1125 ? | De dubiis nominibus (ed Glorie, 1968)
Ox U 409 A | Defixiones Latin^a
Ox U 410 A | Dipinti on amphor^a from Rome and Pompeii from CIL 4 and 15
Ox A 512 B | Early scholastic colloquies
Pi 1128 ? | Fabularum atellanarum fragm. (ed Frassinetti, 1955)
Pi 1154 ? | Grammatici Latini (ed Keil)
Ca 848 A | Hiberno-Latin
Pi 1126 ? | Incerti auctoris querolus sive aul. (ed Corsaro, 1964)
Ox U 411 A | Index of personal names from CIL 13
Ox A 506 A | Littere Wallie
Pi 1130 ? | Mimorum Romanorum fragmenta (ed Bonaria, 1955)
Ca 861 C | Poet^a Latini ^avi Carolini
Pi 1131 ? | Sc^anic^a Romanorum poesis fragmenta (ed Ribbeck, 1897)
Dictionaries, &c
Ox U 329 C | Codex Theodosiani
Ox A 332 A | Historia Augusta
Pi 1127 ? | Index Thomisticus (rationarium)
Pi 1145 ? | Lexicon totius Latinitatis (Forcellini)
Pi 1146 ? | Onomasticon totius Latinitatis (Forcellini)
Africanus
Ox U 306 A | Fragments
Al Kindi
Ca 865 B | Iudicia
Alan of Lille
Ca 867 B | Anticlaudianus
Ca 868 B | De planctu Natur^a
Alcuin
Ca 866 B | Collected verse
Ambrose
Ls U 307 A | Selections
Ammianus Marcellinus
Ox U 308 C | Histories
Andreas Cappelanus
Ox A 321 A | De amore
Anselm of Canterbury
Ca 864 E | Complete works
Apicius
Ox U 311 A | De re coquinaria
Architrenius
Ox U 314 A | Works
Arusianus Messius
Pi 1133 ? | Exempla elocutionis (ed A Della Casa, 1977)
Augustine
Ls U 315 A | Selections
Aurelius Victor
Ox U 317 A | De C^asaribus
Bacon, Francis
Ox U 318 A | 10 2000-word prose samples
Pi 1134 ? | Novum organum
Bede
Pi 1135 ? | De arte metrica et de schematibus (ed Kendall, 1975)
Ox U 578 A | De orthographia
Pi 1136 ? | De orthographia (ed Jones, 1975)
Ox U 558 A | Epistola ad Egbertum
Ox U 577 A | Retractatio
Ox U 576 A | Vit^a abbatum
Ox U 579 A | Vita S. Cuthberti
Bernardus Silvestris
Ca 863 B | Cosmographia
Bible
Ox X 319 E | Vulgate
Birch (ed)
Ox A 511 C | Cartularium Saxonicum vols 1-3
Boethius
Ls U 320 A | De syllogismo hypothetico 1
Cassiodorus
Pi 1137 ? | Institutiones (excerpta) (ed Mynors, 1937)
Cato
Ls U 322 A | De agri cultura
Ls U 323 A | Historical and oratorical fragments
Catullus
Ls U 324 A | Carmina
Celsus, P. Iuventius
Ls U 325 A | Fragments
Charisius
Pi 1138 ? | Ars (ed Barwick, 1925)
Cicero
Ls U 327 D | Major works
Cicero (attrib)
Ox U 328 A | Epistula ad Octavianum
Cosentius
Pi 1139 ? | De barbarismis et metaplasmis (ed Niedermann, 1937)
Crispin, Gilbert
Ca 850 A | Works, ed G. R. Evans
Culman, Leonard
Ca 862 A | Sententi^a Pueriles
Dositheus
Pi 1140 ? | Ars (ed Tolkiehn, 1913)
Dracontius Blossius Aem.
Pi 1141 ? | Orestis tragoedia
Einhard
Ca 860 A | Vita Karoli Magni
Emanuel, Hywel D. (ed)
Ox A 504 A | Latin texts of the Welsh law
Ennius Quintus
Pi 1142 ? | Ennian^a poesis reliqui^a (ed Vahlen, 1928)
Eutropius
Ox U 330 A | Breviarum A.U.C.
Festus
Ox U 331 A | Breviarum
Festus Sextus Pompeus
Pi 1143 ? | De verborum significatione qu^a sup. (ed Lindsay, 1913)
Pi 1144 ? | De verborum significatu qu^a sup.cum Pauli epitome
Fortunatianus
Ox U 326 A | Ars rhetorica (selections)
Frithegod
Ca 858 A | Breviloquium regum Britanni^a
Galilei, Galileo
Pi 1147 ? | De motu accelerato
Pi 1148 ? | De motu locali
Pi 1149 ? | Sidereus nuncius
Pi 1150 ? | Theoremata circa centrum gravitatis solidorum
Geoffrey of Monmouth
Ca 857 C | Historia Regum Britanni^a
Giraldus Cambrensis
Ox A 503 A | De invectionibus vol 6
Gratian
Ox A 699 D | Decretum
Gregory of Nyssa (trans)
Ox U 582 A | De hominis opificio, tr John Scottus Eriugena
Higden, Ranulph
Ca 856 A | Mss. Harl 1.48.1, St John 2.29.1
Hippocrates
Pi 1152 ? | De ^aribus locis et de aquis
Horace
Ls U 333 A | Ars Poetica
Ls U 334 B | Epistul^a 1-2
Ox U 546 A | Odes
Ls U 335 A | Sermones
Iulianus Toletanus
Pi 1153 ? | Ars (ed Maestre, 1975)
John of Hauville
Ca 855 B | Architrenius
Julianus
Ls U 336 A | Fragments
Juvenal
Ls U 337 A | Satur^a
Littleton, Adam
Ca 854 A | Lingua Latina liber: dictionarius quadripartitus
Livius Andronicus
Pi 1155 ? | Fragments (ed Lenchantin, 1937)
Livy
Ls U 338 E | Ab urbe condita
Lucan
Ls U 339 B | Bellum civile 1 and 10
Lucretius
Ls U 340 A | De rerum Natura
Marcellus Empiricus
Pi 1156 ? | De medicamentis liber (ed Niedermann, 1968)
Marius Victorinus
Pi 1170 ? | Ars (ed Mariotti, 1967)
Ls U 341 A | Selections
Martial
Ox U 342 B | Works
Modoinus
Ox U 343 A | Selected poems
More, Thomas
Ox U 344 A | Utopia 1 and 2
Nevius Gnaeus
Pi 1157 ? | Fragments (ed Marmorale, 1953)
Nonius, Marcellus
Pi 1158 ? | De compendiosa doctrina XX (ed Lindsay, 1903)
Orderic Vitalis
Ca 853 D | Ecclesiastical history
Ovid
Ls U 345 A | Amores
Ls U 346 A | Ars amatoria
Ls U 347 A | Fasti
Ls U 348 A | Medicamina faciei femine
Ls U 349 A | Metamorphoses 1 and 12
Ls U 350 A | Nux
Ls U 351 A | Remedia amoris
Pacuvius, Marcus
Pi 1159 ? | Fragments (ed D'Anna, 1971)
Paulinus of Nola
Pr 1087 A | Carmina sex
Pelagius
Ox A 505 A | Expositions of thirteen epistles of St Paul
Persius
Ls U 800 A | Satires
Petrarch
Ox U 352 A | Bucolicum carmen
Petronius
Ox U 711 A | Satur^a (ed Buecheler)
Pi 1160 ? | Satyricon
Phocas
Pi 1161 ? | De nomine et verbo (ed Casaceli, 1974)
Plautus
Ls U 353 A | Amphitruo
Ls U 354 A | Asinaria
Ls U 355 A | Aulularia
Ls U 356 A | Bacchides
Ls U 357 A | Captivi
Ls U 358 A | Pseudolus
Ls U 359 A | Rudens
Ls U 360 A | Stichus
Ls U 361 A | Trinummus
Ls U 362 A | Truculentus
Plautus, Titus Maccius
Pi 1162 ? | Comoedi^a (ed Lindsay, 1955)
Pliny the younger
Ls U 363 A | Epistula 10
Poliziano, Angelo
Ca 852 C | Latin Letters
Pope Gregory
Ox A 364 B | Dialogues
Rhigyfarch
Ox A 501 A | Life of St David
Rosmini, Antonio
Pi 1163 ? | Constitutione societatis
Sallust
Ls U 365 B | Complete works
Scribonius Largus
Pi 1164 ? | Compositionum liber (ed Helmreich, 1887)
Seneca ,Lucius Annaeus
Pi 1165 ? | Works
Simmacus, Quintus Aurelius
Pi 1166 ? | Works (ed Seeck, 1883)
Spinoza, Baruch
Pi 1167 ? | Tractatus de intellectus emendatione
Statius
Ls U 366 A | Achilleid
Ls U 367 A | Silv^a (hexameter poems)
Ls U 368 B | Thebaid
Symmachus
Ox U 369 A | Relationes
Tacitus
Ox U 370 D | Annals
Terentius Afer
Pi 1168 ? | Comoedi^a (ed Kauer-Lindsay, 1953)
Turpilius
Pi 1169 ? | Works (ed Richlewska, 1971)
Vegetius
Ox U 371 A | Epitoma rei militaris
Venantius Fortunatus
Ca 859 C | Opera poetica
Vergil
Ls U 374 A | Aeneid
Ls U 372 B | Eclogues
Ls U 373 A | Georgics
Vergil (attrib)
Ls U 312 A | Culex
Ls U 313 A | Moretum
Victorinus
Pi 1171 ? | De solecismo et barbarismo (ed Niedermann, 1937)
Wade-Evans, A.W. (ed)
Ox A 502 A | Vit^a sanctorum Britanni^a et genealogi^a
===Latvian=======================================
Collections, corpora &c
Ox U 287 B | Latvian folksong corpus
===Malayan=======================================
Wilkinson & Winstedt (eds)
Ox U 376 C | Pantun melayu
===Mayan=======================================
Bible
Pr 1094 B | New testament
===Pali=======================================
Anonymous
Ox U 247 A | Maha~niddesa (ed Poussin & Thomas, I and II only)
===Portuguese=======================================
Anonymous
Ox U 526 A | O auto de Dom Luis et dos Turcos
Collections, corpora &c
Pr 1088 C | Weidner corpus
Rosa, Joao Guimares
Pr 1089 C | Grande Sertao: Veredas
===Provenc\al=======================================
Collections, corpora &c
Ox A 377 A | Provencal charters
Dictionaries, &c
Ox A 380 A | Le breviari d'amor
Girart de Roussillon
Ox A 378 A | Collected works
Giraut de Bornelh
Ca 843 A | Texts and variants
Guillaume de Machaut
Ca 842 A | La Prise d'Alixandre
Jofre de Foixa*
Ox A 379 A | Regles de trobar
===Russian=======================================
Leskov, N.
Ox U 375 B | Samples of narrative and dialogue
Pososhkov, I.T.
Ca 841 A | Kniga o Skudosti i Bogatstvye
===Sanskrit=======================================
Anonymous
Ox U 381 A | Bhagavad Gita
Ca 836 A | Bodhicarya~vata~ra
Ox A 1063 A | The Bilvamangalastava
Ox U 589 D | The Rig-Veda
Kalida~sa~
Ox U 527 A | Kuma~rasambhava chaps 2 and 6
===Serbo-Croat=======================================
Dictionaries, &c
Pr 1090 B | Serbo-Croatian verb dictionary
Njegos
Ox U 382 A | Selected works
Orwell, George (translations)
Ox A 1102 A | 1984 (in Croatian)
Ox A 1098 A | 1984 (in Serbian)
Ox A 1103 A | 1984 (in Slovenian)
===Spanish=======================================
Anonymous
Ox U 383 A | El Cid
Ox U 670 B | Lazarillo de Tormes (four editions)
Ox U 528 A | Libro de cirugia de Teodorico
Collections, corpora &c
Pr 1091 A | BYU contemporary Spanish corpus
Dictionaries, &c
Ca 833 A | Catalogo de las publicaciones periodicas Madrilenas
Alonso XII
Ma A 384 D | General estoria (part 1)
Bible
Pr 1092 E | Reina Valera version
Caldero*n de la Barca, C.
Ca 840 A | En la vida tode es verdad y toda mentir
Machado, M.
Ca 838 A | Complete works
Ca 839 A | Poes^m*as Opera Omnia Lyrica, second edition
Vallejo, C.
Ca 837 A | Collected verse
de Castro, Rosal^m*
Ox A 656 A | Poes^m* completa en galego
===Swedish=======================================
Collections, corpora &c
Ox A 385 B | Newspaper extracts
===Turkish=======================================
Anonymous
Ox U 387 C | Modern prose (samples from literary texts and newspapers)
Ca 834 A | Transcription of speech, play, and literary material
Agaoglu, Adalet
Ox U 286 A | Yu]ksek gerilim
Fu]ruzan
Ox U 254 A | Parasiz Yatili
Gu]nes, Islak
Ox U 285 A | Hula kutlu
Karaosmanoglu, Yakup Kadri
Ox U 272 A | Yaban
Lewis, Geoffrey
Ox A 391 A | Turkish grammar
Makal, Mahmut
Ox U 284 A | Kuru Sevda
===Uzbek=======================================
Dictionaries, &c
Pr 1095 B | Uzbek-English dictionary
===Welsh=======================================
Anonymous
Ox A 655 A | Peredur
Bible
Ox A 566 A | Y testament newydd
Brytyt, Kyndelw
Ca 830 A | Collected Poems
===Miscellaneous=======================================
Dictionaries, &c
Pr 1093 C | Dictionaries of several Central Americanlanguages
Pr 1096 B | Qatabanian Inscriptions (ed Ricks)
===Non-linguistic=======================================
Collections, corpora &c
Ox U 1038 A | Essen corpus of German folksong melodies
Ox A 514 D | The Tyneside linguistic survey corpus
Dictionaries, &c
Ox U 423 D | Chinese telegraphic code character set
Bach, Johann Sebastian
Ox U 650 A | Well-tempered clavier 1 & 2 (Hewlett encoding)
Fletcher, J.M.
Ox A 692 B | Tree-ring dating of oak, AD 416-1687
Howgego, C.J.
Ox U 593 C | Greek Imperial Countermarks
=======END OF SNAPSHOT=========================================
Site list---------------------------------------------------
This lists all site codes used in the current snapshot together with
names, addresses and electronic mail contact if known
Please send any corrections to ARCHIVE @ UK.AC.OX.VAX
Be: International Computer Archive of Modern English
Computing Centre for the Humanities
Boks 53 - Universitetet
Bergen N-5027
Norway
E-mail: FAFKH at NOBERGEN on EARN
Major holdings : English
Bn: Norsk Tekstarkiv
Boks 53 -Universitetet
Bergen N-5027
Norway
Major holdings : Norwegian
Bo: Inst. fur Kommunikationsforschung und Phonetik
I.K.P.
Poppelsdorfer Allee 47
Bonn I D-5300
W. Germany
Major holdings : German
Ca: Literary & Linguistic Computing Centre
Literary & Linguistic Computing Centre
U Cambridge
Sidgwick Avenue
Cambridge CB3 9DA
E-mail: JLD1 at CAM.PHX on JANET
Co: Arnamagn^an Institute
U Copenhagen
Njalsgade 76
Copenhagen DK-2300
Denmark
Major holdings : Icelandic
Go: Logotek
U Goteborg
Sprakdata
6 N. Allegatan
Goteborg 41301
Sweden
Major holdings : Swedish
Ir: Thesaurus Lingu^a Gr^ac^a
Thesaurus Linguae Graecae
U California at Irvine
Irvine CA 92717
USA
E-mail: TLG at UCICP6 on BITNET
Major holdings : Greek
Je: Academy of the Hebrew Language
Academy of the Hebrew Language
Giv'at Ram
P.O. Box 3449
Jerusalem, 91 034
Israel
Major holdings : Hebrew
Le: I.N.L.
I.N.L.
Postbus 132
Leiden 2300 AC
Netherlands
Major holdings : Dutch
Ls: APA Repository of Greek and Latin texts
Packard Humanities Institute
300 Second Street
Los Altos CA
USA
Major holdings : Latin
Lv: Centre e*lectronique de traitement des documents
Universite* Catholique de Louvain
Louvain la Neuve B-1348
Belgium
Major holdings : Latin
Ma: Medi^aval Spanish Seminary
U Wisconsin
D Spanish
1120 Van Hise Hall
Madison WI 53706
USA
Major holdings : Medi^aval Spanish
Mn: Institut fur Deutsche Sprache
Inst. fur Deutsche Sprache
Friedrich-Karl Str. 12
Mannheim 1 D-6800
Germany
Major holdings : German
Na: Tre*sor de la Langue Francaise
Universite* de Nancy
44 ave de la Libe*ration
CO 3310
Nancy-Ce*de*x F 54014
France
Major holdings : French
Ph: Center for Computer Analysis of Texts
D Religious Studies
Box 36 College Hall
U Pennsylvania
Philadelphia PA 19104-6303
USA
E-mail: KRAFT at PENNDRLN on BITNET
Major holdings : Biblical texts
Pi: Ist. di Linguistica Computazionale
Ist di linguistica computazionale
U of Pisa
via della faggiola
Pisa I-56100
Italy
E-mail: LATINO at ICNUCEVM on EARN
Major holdings : Italian
Pr: Humanities Research Center
Brigham Young University
Provo, Ut.
USA
E-mail: JONES at BYUHRC on BITNET
Ra: Inst. for Info Retrieval & Computational Linguistics
Maths & Computer Science Building
Bar-Ilan University
Ramat Gan 52100
Israel
Major holdings : Hebrew
=========================================================================
Date: 27-AUG-1987 16:57:06 GMT
Reply-To: LOU@VAX.OXFORD.AC.UK
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: LOU@VAX.OXFORD.AC.UK
Subject: catalogue
An apology to any humanist whose mailbox recently collapsed under the
unanticipated bulge of a draft copy of the Text Archive Snapshot. This
was not intended for mass dissemination (apart from being indecently
large it had a number of minor errors still uncorrected), but the note
in which I informed Central Control of this fact appears to have gone
AWOL.
Anyway a new version (with those errors corrected and some new as yet
undetected ones introduced) is now available on request as before. UK
Humanists will be able to read it on HUMBUL shortly, and I hope it
will also be available from the ListServer at FAFSRV within a few days.
Lou Burnard
=========================================================================
Date: 28 August 1987, 14:07:47 EDT
Reply-To: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Subject: Now We Are 100
For those of you who retain a trace or more of respect for numbers,
today is to be celebrated, since for the first time HUMANIST has 100
members. (I still count 9 countries; may that number increase!)
Unfortunately champagne cannot be passed around electronically.
You are therefore obliged to drink alone to the continued health of our
thriving group this (on my side of the international dateline) Friday or
(for our New Zealand members) Saturday evening.
L'chaim!
=========================================================================
Date: 28 August 1987, 22:02:42 EDT
Reply-To: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Autobiographies of HUMANISTs
Second Supplement
Following are 21 additional entries and updates to the collection of
autobiographical statements by members of the HUMANIST discussion
group.
Further additions, corrections, and updates are welcome, to MCCARTY at
UTOREPAS.BITNET.
W.M. 28 August 1987
=============================================================================
*Barnard, David T. <barnard@QUCIS.BITNET>
Head, Department of Computing and Information Science, Queen's University
Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6; 613-545-6056
My research interests are in communication systems, information systems, and
literary applications. In the latter area, I collaborate with George Logan
(English) and Bob Crawford (Computing Science). Our joint work has involved
development of coding standards for documents being used in textual analysis,
investigation of text structures for electronic books, and some preliminary
work toward building an archive based on our encoding standard. I have just
completed a five-year term as Director of Computing and Communications
Services.
========================================================================
*Baumgarten, Joseph M. <BAUMGARTEN@UMBC>
I teach Rabbinic Literature, Dead Sea Scrolls, and related subjects
at the Baltimore Hebrew College, 5800 Park Heights Ave, Baltimore,
Md. 21215. Aside from using a Compaq computer for word processing
in English and Hebrew, I am especially interested in CD-ROM's for
accessing biblical and rabbinic sources in the manner of TLG.
I am awaiting the results of the CCAT program to enable access to
CD ROMs with IBM type computers.
======================================================================
*Beckwith, Sterling <GUEST4@YUSOL>
248 Winters College, York University, 4700 Keele St., North York,
Ontario (416) 736-5142 or 5186.
I teach Music and Humanities at York University, have instigated and taught
the only Humanities course dealing with computers that is currently offered
there, under the rubric of Technology, Culture and the Arts, and serve as
coordinator of computer music and general nuisance on academic computing
matters in both the Faculty of Arts and of Fine Arts at York. I was the
first researcher in an Ontario university to work intensively on the design
of educational microworlds (for exploring and creating musical structures)
using the then-obscure and still-poorly-exploited computing language known
as LOGO. This led to my present interest in discovering what today's AI
languages and methods can offer as vehicles and stimulating playgrounds for
music-making and other kinds of artistic and intellectual creation.
=========================================================================
*Bing, George <IZZY590@UCLAVM>
154 Thalia St., Laguna Beach, CA 92651; Phone: (213) 820-9410
I am a student at UCLA, and I work for the Humanities Computing program
here to support the computer needs of the Humanities departments.
========================================================================
*Brainerd, Barron <BRAINERD at UTOREPAS>
Department of Mathematics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada
M5S 1A5
I am professor of mathematics and linguistics. My particular
professional interests are in quantitative stylistics (using for the
most part statistical methods) and early modern English. I have an Apple
at home and an XT at the university and program naively in Basic and Snobol.
I access SPSSX, which among other thing i use in my course 'Statistics for
Linguists,' via CMS.
=========================================================================
*Burnard, Lou <LOU%UK.AC.OXFORD.VAX@AC.UK>
[note change of address, effective from 24th August ]
I work at Oxford University Computing Service, where I am responsible
for the Text Archive and for database support and design. I have
designed and even written many bits of text processingn software,
notably OCP, FAMULUS and recently a general purpose text-searching
interface to ICL's CAFS hardware search engine. But I don't think
academics should write software at that level any more; just good
interfaces to standard backages such as INGRES (or other SQL compatible
dbms), BASIS... My main enthusiasm remains database design, which I see
as an important and neglected area of humanities computing.
=========================================================================
*Church, Dan M. <CHURCHDM@VUCTRVAX>
Associate Professor of French, Vanderbilt University
Box 72, Station B, Nashville, TN 37235, (615) 322-6904 (office),
(615) 292-7916 (home)
I have produced computer-assisted learning exercises for elementary
French courses and a database containing information on all plays produced
in state-subsidized decentralized theaters in France since World War II.
And I have plans for many more projects using computers in the Humanities.
=========================================================================
*Erdt, Terrence <ERDT@VUVAXCOM>
Graduate Dept. of Library Science, Villanova University,
Villanova PA 19085, ph. (215) 645-4688.
My interests, at this point in time, can be said to be optical
character recognition, scholar's workstation, and the computer as medium
from the perspective of the field of popular culture.
=========================================================================
*Gold, Gerald L. <YFAN0001@YORKVM1>
Department of Anthropology, York University, North York, Ont.
M3J1P3; (416) 225 8760 (home); (416) 736 5261 (office)
I am a cultural anthropologist and a Metis (half-humanities/half-social sciences
. I have developed an interest in the relationship
of qualitative
and quantitative data. More specifically, how can a computer assist with
the storage and retrieval of field notes, archival materials, interviews,
life histories and other textual materials. Of specific interest is
the preservation of the intrinsic character of narrative while using
the computer as an analytical tool that can assist in statistical
overviews and tabulation. In this sense, I am thinking beyond 'content
analysis' which limits the qualitative side of data recovery. Some of
my solutions are relatively simple, but I would like to discuss them and
get feedback from others. More important, I am open to the suggestions
and proposals that may reach my terminal.
=========================================================================
*Goldfield, Joel D. <dartvax!psc90!jdg@ihnp4>
Assistant Professor of French, Plymouth State College, Plymouth,
NH 03264 USA
My exposure to computers began in Saturday morning courses offered
to ambitious high school students. I took FORTRAN 4 and "Transistor
Electronics" in the early 1970's. The FORTRAN 4 manual was poorly
written and the language itself seemed almost totally
worthless for my musical and communications-oriented interests, so I
summarily forgot it and paid more attention to French, literature,
science and math, all of which seemed more useful. Also, some of
my home electronic projects worked, some not, just like computer
programs, as I later discovered.
Although I majored in Comp. Lit. (French, German, Music) in
College, I took a few math courses and had to complete computer
assignments in BASIC, invented by a couple of genial professors
in the same department. The son of the major architect was to be
one of my "students" that summer when I served as an undergraduate
teaching assistant on a language study abroad program in Bourges,
France. How I ever successfully completed those BASIC programs
on figuring probabilities for coinciding birth dates, etc., I'll
never know. Most of what I wrote was based on "Euclid's
Advanced Theorum," as we called it on our high school math team:
"trial and error."
For my doctoral degree at Universit'e de Montpellier III, I found
that I needed to catalogue, sort and evaluate the distribution of vocabulary
in a particular work of fiction in order to better understand the author's
strange symbolic system and diachronic mixing of associated terms. I also
discovered a French frequency dictionary that would supply an apparently
valid and reliable norm for external comparison with the work's internal norms.
Although my return to the States made on-line querying impossible,
I was able to obtain a printout of all words, since, happily, the
work had been included in the frequency dictionary's compilation.
I learned as much of "C" and "awk" (a "C" derivative under the UNIX
system) as I needed to write programs to complement UNIX utilities. A
colleague in Academic Computing graciously "tutored" me on many esoteric
aspects of UNIX that were, and probably still are, obscure in its
documentation.
I worked on a methodology to organize my word, stylistic, and thematic
data for computer-assisted research. Without this need and organizational
"forthought" that also evolved as I learned more and more about the utilities
and languages, all programming fireworks would have been useless sparkles.
My major academic interests are computer-assisted literary research
applied to literary criticism, computer-assisted language instruction/
interactive video, foreign language teaching methodologies and excellent
foreign language/culture teaching.
=========================================================================
*Hockey, Susan <SUSAN@VAX2.OXFORD.AC.UK>
or: Susan%vax.oxford@cs.ucl.ac.uk (Arpa)
Susan%oxford.vax@arpa.ucl-cs
Susan@vax.oxford.ac.uk (Bitnet/EARN)
Susan%oxford.vax@ac.uk
Oxford University Computing Service, 13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN
England; telephone: +44 865 273226
After taking a degree in Oriental Studies (Egyptian with Akkadian)
at Oxford University I started my career in computing in the
humanities as a programmer/advisor at the Atlas Computer Laboratory
which at that time was providing large scale computing facilities
for British Universities. There in the early 1970's I wrote programs
to generate non-standard characters on a graph-plotter and was involved
with the development of version 2 of the COCOA concordance program.
In 1975 I moved to Oxford and began to develop various services for
computing in the humanities which are used by other universities,
including Kurzweil optical scanning, typesetting with a Monotype
Lasercomp and the Oxford Concordance Program (OCP). I am in charge
of these facilities and also teach courses on literary and
linguistic computing and on SNOBOL.
My publications include two books, based on my courses, and
articles on various aspects of humanities computing including
concordance software, Kurzweil scanning, typesetting, past history
and future developments. I am also series editor for an Oxford
Unviersity Press series of monographs, Oxford Studies in Computing
in the Humanities.
I have lectured on various aspects of humanities computing in various
corners of the globe, more recently on current issues and future
developments for humanities computing, Micro-OCP and its uses and on
computers in language and literature for a more general audience.
I have been a Fellow of St Cross College, Oxford since 1979 and I
now look after the computing interests in the college.
My recent activities have been concerned with
(1) Version 2 of the Oxford Concordance Program and Micro-OCP.
(2) The Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing of which I
am currently Chairman and am on the editorial committee of the ALLC's
journal, Literary and Linguistic Computing.
My next project will be concerned with the introduction of computers
in undergraduate courses at Oxford. These courses consist almost
entirely of the detailed study of set texts, and this project, which
is funded under the UK government Computers and Teaching Initiative,
will set up a University-wide system for analysis of these texts
via IBM-PC workstations linked to a large VAX cluster at the central
service.
=========================================================================
*Hunter, C. Stuart: <enghunt@uoguelph
cshunter@cosy.guelph.netnorth
Trained as a scholar of the non-dramatic literature of the English
renaissance, my major academic interests are the teaching and study
of the religious literature of the renaissance. As a means of
approaching that literature, I have been involved over the past five
years in studying, teaching, and implementing applications of
information technology -- and specifically computer technology --
to the teaching and studying of the humanities.
I am currently the Co-ordinator of Humanities Computing at the
University of Guelph and a member of the executive of the Ontario
Consortium for Computing in the Humanities.
I have a particular interest in computer-assisted analysis of literary texts,
and specifically the use of text-analysis systems to track metaphoric
patterns in literary works. Currently completing an annotated bibliography
of Sir Philip Sidney, I am now moving on to a computer-assisted analysis of
the metaphoric patterns in Traherne's <CENTURIES OF MEDITATIONS> and to a
related study of the impact of the translations of the Psalms on the
development of the religious poetry of the renaissance in England.
On the teaching side, I am actively involved not only in teaching basic
courses in word processing and database applications in the Humanities but
also in developing computer conferencing as a specific teaching tool.
=========================================================================
*Koch, Christian < FKOCH%OCVAXA@CMCCVB > or
< chk@oberlin.edu.csnet >
Oberlin College, Computer Science Program, 223D King Building, Oberlin,
OH 44074; Telephone: (216)775-8831 or (216)775-8380
I think it might be fair to say that I'm the token humanist on the computer
science faculty here at Oberlin -- and I love the work. I come to computing
from a long and eclectic background in the humanities. Am one of those people
who always harbored the hope that a strong interdisciplinary background would
ultimately serve a person in good stead. I think that now, working in the
general area of cognitive science and computing, I'm probably as close to
realizing that hope as I have ever been. My undergraduate work was in the
Greek and Roman classics to which I added a masters degree in music history
with pipe organ performance and another in broadcasting and film art. Ph.D.
(1970) was essentially in literary criticism with psychoanalytic emphasis.
Computing skills were picked up on the side during the 80's. Have also
recently taken time out from the academic scene to work as a therapist with
the Psychiatry Department of the Cleveland Clinic. Although I've been at
Oberlin for some years, I joined the computer science faculty only in 1986 and
am still sorting out directions and options.
My computing interests are currently in the general area of natural language
understanding, more specifically systems of knowledge representation and
processing. As a kind of pet project I am working on developing an expert
system for specialized psychiatric diagnoses.
At the more practical level, in addition to teaching some traditional CS
courses, I am charged with developing programming courses aimed at the student
who wishes to combine computer programming skills with a major in a non-
computer science area. In the immediate future is the offering of a course
dealing with the computer analysis of literary texts. Am also introducing a
more theoretical course in the general area of mind and machine (cognitive
science overview). Would much appreciate hearing from persons who would like
to share experiences or make suggestions in these areas as well as in areas
where computing may be involved in the analysis of 'texts' in music
(computer-assisted Heinrich Schencker?) and the other arts. All ideas having
to do with interesting ways of combining computer programming and other
traditionally non-quantitative areas of study would be most welcome.
=========================================================================
*Kraft, Robert A. <KRAFT@PENNDRLN>
Professor of Religious Studies, University of Pennsylvania
215-898-5827
Coordinator of External Services for CCAT (Center for Computer Analysis
of Texts), co-director of the CATSS project (Computer Assisted Tools
for Septuagint Studies), director of the Computerized Coptic Bible
project, chairman of the CARG (Computer Assisted Research Group) of
the Society of Biblical Literature, editor of OFFLINE column in the
RELIGIOUS STUDIES NEWS (dealing with computers and religious studies).
BA and MA Wheaton (Illinois) College 1955 and 1957 (Biblical Lit.);
PhD Harvard 1961 (Christian Origins).
Assistant Lecturer in New Testament at University of Manchester
(England) 1961-63; thereafter at University of Pennsylvania.
Main interests are in ancient texts, especially Jewish and Christian,
paleography, papyrology, codicology, and in the historical syntheses
drawn from the study of such primary materials. The computer
provides a fantastic shortcut to traditional types of research,
and invites new kinds of investigation and presentation of the
evidence. I am especially anxious to integrate graphic and
textual aspects (e.g. in paleographical and manuscript studies),
including scanning and hardcopy replication.
=========================================================================
*Kruse, Susan <UDAA270@VAXA.CC.KCL.AC.UK>
I am a Computer Advisor within the Humanities Division of the
Computing Centre at King's College London. Although many
Universities in Britain increasingly have a person within
the Computer Centre who deals with humanities' enquiries,
King's College is unique in having a Humanities Division.
There are eight of us within the division, some with specific
areas of expertise (e.g. databases, declarative languages)
and others (like myself) who deal with general issues. Some
of us are from computer backgrounds; others, like myself,
are from a humanities background (in my case archaeology).
We cater to all users within the College, but specialise in
providing a service for staff and students in the arts
and humanities. This primarily involves advising, teaching,
and writing documentation.
=========================================================================
*Logan, Grace R. <GRACE@WATDCS.BITNET>
Arts Computing Office, PAS Building, University of Waterloo, Waterloo,
Ontario.
I received my B.A. at Pennsylvania State University in 1956
and my M.A. at the University of Pennsylvania in English in
1960. My training in computing has been largely an
apprenticeship supplemented by courses at Waterloo in math
and computing.
I am now a consultant and programmer for the Arts Computing
Office at the University of Waterloo where I have been since
1970.
I have been associated with computing in the humanities
since 1958 and I helped to organize the Arts Computing
office at Waterloo in the early seventies. I was a member
of the organizing committee for ICCH/3. I am active in the
ACH and OCCH where I am serving on the executive committees.
I have also been active in the MLA where I have served as
the convenor of the computer section.
I have developed program packages for use by Arts users and
I have taught courses in computer literacy for the Arts
Faculty at Waterloo.
I regularly attend computing conferences where I have
presented several papers. I have also been invited to give
several seminars and workshops on computing in the Arts by
various groups and organizations.
========================================================================
*Sinkewicz, Robert E. <ROBERTS@UTOREPAS.BITNET>
Senior Fellow, Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, member of the
Centre for Computing in the Humanities at the University of Toronto.
Principal Interests: the use of relational databases in humanities
research, and the development of text databases in Byzantine religious
literature.
Major Research in Progress: The Greek Index Project, an information access
system for all extant Greek manuscripts. By Sept. 1988 we propose to have
online a relatively complete listing of all Greek manuscripts as well as
manuscript listings for authors of the Late Byzantine Period. IBM SQL/DS
is our principal software tool.
=========================================================================
*Sitman, David <A79@TAUNIVM>
Computation Centre, Tel Aviv University, Israel
I teach courses in the use of computers in language study and I am an
advisor on computer use in the humanities.
=========================================================================
*Tompa, Frank Wm. <fwtompa@water.bitnet
or: fwtompa@watdaisy.waterloo.edu>
Data Structuring Group, Department of Computer Science,
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1.
(519)-888-4449
Also: Co-Director, UW Centre for the New OED, Waterloo.
Interests: text-dominated database systems, grammar-defined databases,
computational lexicology, machine-readable reference books,
text representations, hypertext databases, user interfaces,
data retrieval, office document systems.
My formal education and overall interests are within traditional
computer science, particularly in the areas of data structures,
programming languages, and databases. After several years of research
driven by interests in videotex (Telidon/Prestel/Bildschirmtext/etc.),
I became heavily involved in the New OED project, and a founding co-
director of the UW Centre for the New OED. As well as being interested
in pure computer science and in supporting humanities research, I am
interested in the teaching of computer science.
=========================================================================
*Van Evra, James W. <VANEVRA@WATDCS>
Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of Waterloo,
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
I am an interested outsider. My fields of research include the
development of mathematical logic in the 19th century (which in a way
made modern computation possible), and problems confronting cognitive
science (i.e. questions concerning the limits of the applicability of
our current conception of computation).
On the applied side, the University of Waterloo has long been a leader
in software development, and in the area of computer application. As
a result, we have had ready access to powerful computing resources for
many years. I, for instance, have been processing my words since the
early '70s (when IBM's ATS was in vogue, and VDTs were a novelty).
========================================================================
*Winder, Bill <WINDER@UTOREPAS.BITNET>
[Accents are indicated as follows: \C = caret; \G = grave; \A = acute.]
As a doctoral candidate at the University of Toronto's French Department,
my computing activities are largely conditioned by my thesis topic:
"Maupassant: predictability in narrative". The fundamental axis of this
research concerns automatic abstracting: in precisely what way can
automatic abstracting techniques be said to fail with literary texts?
Maupassant's 310 short stories were chosen as the literary corpus primarily
because the format of the genre is computationally manageable on a
microcomputer, the plot and style of Maupassant's stories are
straightforward, and the number of stories allows for statistically
relevant comparisons between pieces.
My research on abstracting should offer the basis for a coherent approach
to critical model building, particularly with respect to the semantic value
of predictability in text and in the critical model itself.
This endeavour has led me to Deredec, (Turbo) Prolog, and, more recently,
Mprolog. The use of the first of these is presented in CHum's issue on
France, where J.-M. Marandin discusses "Segthem", a Deredec automatic
abstracting procedure. My interest in Prolog, as an alternative to Deredec,
developed out of studies in combinatory logic, natural deduction, and
Peirce's existential graphs.
In connection with my research in literary computing, I am a teaching
assistant for the French Department's graduate computer applications
course, and in that capacity have taught word processing and demonstrated
packages such as Deredec, BYU concordance, TAT (my own French concordance
package), COGS, and MTAS.
This recent interest in computing (1985) grew out of seasoned interest in
semiotics (1979). In France, I completed a Ma\Citrise de Lettres Modernes
(1982) with the Groupe de S\Aemiotique in Perpignan, and a Diplome d'Etudes
Approfondies (1984) with A. J. Greimas's Groupe de Recherche en S\Aemio-
linguistique at l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes in Paris. I am presently a member
of the Toronto Semiotic Circle, and served in June 1987 as secretary to the
International Summer Institute for Semiotic and Structural Studies, site of
a promising encounter between researchers in artificial intelligence,
semiotics, and humanities computing. This encounter is in fact indicative
of my overall ambition in computing, which is to assess the computational
component of semiotic theories, particularly those of L. Hjelmslev and C.
S. Peirce.
=========================================================================
=========================================================================
Date: 29 August 1987, 17:40:48 EDT
Reply-To: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Sender: HUMANIST Discussion <HUMANIST@UTORONTO>
From: Willard McCarty <MCCARTY@UTOREPAS>
Subject: Hyperties: a "hypertext" system
Following is a brief description of a hypertext system that Ben
Shneiderman (Computer Science, Maryland) has recently announced. I pass
it on to you bcecause I think that the idea of hypertext is potentially
of great interest to designers of software in our area. Anyone who has a
description of the similar work that has gone on at Brown might consider
posting here also.
=============================================================================
Date: Fri, 31 Jul 87 12:25:28 EST
From: Ben Shneiderman <ben@mimsy.umd.edu>
Subject: Hyperties system
__________________________________________________________
Hyperties:
Hypertext based on The Interactive Encyclopedia System
Ben Shneiderman
Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland,
College Park, MD 20742
Introduction
Hyperties (Hypertext based on The Interactive Encyclopedia System) enables
users to easily traverse a database of articles and pictures by merely point-
ing at highlighted words in context. This embedded menus approach and the
simple user interface enables users to tap the substantial power of hypertext
systems for browsing and information search tasks.
Applications
Hyperties can be used to scan organizational policy manuals, a tool for diag-
nostic problem solving, an environment for novels or mysteries, an online help
strategy, a browser for computer program text and documentation, an addition
to a museum exhibit, cookbooks or self-help manuals, or a way to explore cross
referenced materials such as legal documents or an annotated Bible.
Hyperties allows users to explore information resources in an easy and appeal-
ing manner. They merely touch (or use arrow keys to move a light bar onto)
topics that interest them and a brief definition appears at the bottom of the
screen. The users may continue reading or ask for details about the selected
topic. An article about a topic may be one or more screens long and contain
several pictures. As users traverse articles, Hyperties keeps the path and
allows easy reversal, building confidence and a sense of control. Users can
also select articles and pictures from an index.
Authoring tool
Hyperties authoring software guides the author in writing a title, brief
definition (5-35 words), text (50-1000 words, typically), and synonyms for
each article title. Authors mark references in the text by surrounding them
with a pair of tildes. Hyperties collects all references, prompts the user
for synonym relationships, maintains lists of articles and pictures, and
allows editing, addition, and deletion of articles and pictures. The author
tool displays TO/FROM citations for each article and allows authors to keep
notes on each article. A simple word processor is embedded in the authoring
software, but users can create articles on their own word processor, if they
wish. Command menus reduce memorization, eliminate typing errors, and speed
work. Authors create pictures with editors such as PC Paint and then can
specify links from the articles to the pictures.
Hardware requirements
Hyperties runs on a standard PC (256K, monochrome or color, color required if
pictures are used) and on PCs, XTs, or ATs.
History
Hyperties has been under development since 1983 in the Human-Computer Interac-
tion Laboratory. It was first written in APL and has been rewritten in the C
programming language twice. Dan Ostroff, a graduate student in computer sci-
ence, did the implementation and a major portion of the user interface design.
Dr. Janis Morariu of the Center for Instructional Development and Evaluation
contributed substantially to the user interface design. Jacob Lifshitz, Susan
Flynn, Yuri Gawdiak, Richard Potter, and Bill Weiland have maintained and
improved the system.
Manual
A 120 page users manual is available to describe the authoring process. It
shows extensive browser and author sessions.
Availability
The University of Maryland has made a contract for commercial distribution and
development with Cognetics Corporation (Charles Kreitzberg, President), 55
Princeton-Hightstown Road, Princeton Junction, NJ 08550, Phone (609) 799-5005.
Continuing development
Current development efforts focus on improved touchscreens, touchable graph-
ics, inclusion of videodisk access, and alternate indexing strategies. An
exploratory advanced browser with multiple windows and touchable graphics is
being implemented on the SUN 3 Workstation.